New Schwinz
Coordinates: 53 ° 37 ' N , 12 ° 7' E
Neu Schwinz is a district of the municipality of Dobbertin in the Ludwigslust-Parchim district in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania and is located north of Lake Goldberg , just under one kilometer northwest of Alt Schwinz in the Nossentiner / Schwinzer Heide nature reserve . With its three inhabitants and two still existing cottages, Neu Schwinz is the smallest district of Dobbertin and one of the smallest closed settlements in Mecklenburg.
geography
The place Neu Schwinz is located in the Schwinzer Heide between the Borgsee , which used to be the southern part of the Lüschow , and the northern shallow water area of the Goldberger See (once Groter See ), on the site of a former fisherman's house on the Kleester Feldmark.
The field mark of the town of Goldberg begins to the west of the village . Most of the area is wooded, only to the east of the village is an unwooded depression, which is traversed by a ditch that drains towards Lake Goldberger See. The local development is located on a terrain height of about 55 m above sea level. NHN . A paved road that begins at Kreisstraße 35 leads to Neu Schwinz, which forks into two unpaved forest paths at the northeast end of the village.
history
It is not known exactly when Neu Schwinz received its name. Since the place was not yet listed on the Schmettauschen map from 1788, it was apparently set up quite late. In 1735 the first border disputes arose between the Dobbertin monastery and the town of Goldberg. The border separated the Lüschowsee from the monastery area in front of (Alt) Schwinz . The first fisherman's hut was on the overland route from the Dobbertin monastery to Krakow and Güstrow , which crossed there. Even before 1790, the Dobbertin monastery office leased the Lüschow, Kleestener , Spendiner and Bolzsee lakes with the fisherman's house for fishing and wintry pipe advertising . From the fisherman's house a dead straight path led through the Lüschower Kavel to the jetty on Werder , which today separates the southern part of the Lüschow from the Borgsee.
As a small settlement New Schwinz was first in 1804 after the establishment of a new fünfhischigen Katens called (five apartments in a house) with the apartment for the fishermen and forestry workers.
fishing
The Schwinz fishing area comprised the monastery-owned waters of Lüschow, Spendiner, Kleestener and Bolzsee. There were pike, tench, bream, roach, eel and perch in the lakes. Only the Lüschowsee was fished profitably. The monastery chiefs concluded leases with the fishermen who bid the highest, usually for a period of six years.
On October 24, 1860, the monastery captain Otto Julius Freiherr von Maltzan and the provisional agents Johann Heinrich Carl von Behr and District Administrator Josias von Plüskow signed a lease agreement with the fisherman Helmuth Bunge with 20 paragraphs. The fisherman was allowed to hold a boat on each of the four lakes for fishing and winter tube advertising. He was also responsible for clearing up and cleaning up the leased waters, providing quick rescue assistance and compliance with fishing regulations. In addition to the free use of the fisherman's house with a room for the nets and fishing equipment, he received firewood, garden land and parts of the Jellen meadows from the monastery office . In 1880 and 1884 the meadows from Jellen to Alt Schwinz were added as leased land. He was able to keep his two cows in the herd of the forest workers.
In 1901 the Dobbertiner monastery office had refrained from leasing the fishery to the lessee Georg Bunge, as Bunge was in the mental asylum in Sachsenberg near Schwerin because of mental illness .
After a public invitation to tender, on July 3, 1902, the highest bidder Christian Wilken from Güstrow was awarded the contract for fishing on the four lakes until 1908 for an annual lease offer of 1,000 marks by the monastery office. The apartment in the five-tiered pine-timbered cottage consisted of a kitchen with a pantry, three rooms and a bedroom. This included an old and a new barn with a cow, a garden and some farmland to cultivate.
In March 1908 there was a large pike epidemic in Spendiner See, which quickly spread to the Lüschow and destroyed the entire pike population.
During the existence of the noble women's monastery, the respective fishing tenant was obliged to give the Dobbertiner monastery ladies, his monastery captain, the chef as a tax officer, the forest inspector and even the bailiff of the monastery a pound of large fish at any time of the year. He was also obliged to keep fish for sale every 14 days on Fridays from eight to nine o'clock at the fish bank in the cloister of the Dobbertiner monastery during the lease period.
Until 1920 the Lüschow, Spendiner, Kleestener and Bolzsee belonged to the monastery's own fishery.
Fisheries tenants were:
- 1860 Fischer Helmuth Bunge from Schwinz
- 1886 Fischer Georg Bunge, the son was only 27 years old
- 1902 Fischer Christian Wilken from Güstrow, as a decent and good man , his lease was extended four times to six years.
- 1932 Fisheries aid Friedrich Schade, until 1954
- 1954 Production cooperative of working fisherman Dobertin
- 1990 Fischerei Müritz-Plau GmbH, Fischerei Dobbertin
Forest workers settlement
Around 1804 there must have been a cottage for forest workers in Neu Schwinz. Johann Röpke was born in 1837 as the son of a forest worker in Neu Schwinz. In the plan of the knightly fire insurance from 1840 a cottage with four apartments and a stable are drawn, in the plan from 1869 this place is called Neu Schwinz. As early as 1849, the well had to be deepened through the sandy soil.
In the room inspection protocol drawn up by the Dobbertiner master carpenter Dreyer on August 20, 1858, it could be read that the roof of Fischer Bunge's house was covered and the entire back of the house was covered, and that the house doors, room doors and windows of the day laborers Schuldt, Rohde and Klevenow were being painted should. Since in 1876 the elderly Klevenow no longer wanted to look after the herd of cows, forester Kaphengst appointed the maid Almuth Karsten to supervise it.
At the beginning of 1910, the Dobbertin monastery office had a small settlement for forest and forest workers built in Neu Schwinz on the road to Kleesten. So far there was only one house for the fisherman with four other apartments for forest workers. A path led from the fishery to the pier at the Lüschowsee, remnants of it can still be seen.
On the morning of January 16, 1911, the fisherman Wilken's apartment with the other four forest workers' apartments in the large cottage burned down as a result of a damaged chimney. In the summer, the monastery office had a new cottage built in the same place with an apartment for the fisherman and a family of forest workers for 7,294.96 marks. The provisional Cuno Graf von Bassewitz and Ernst von Gundlach as well as the monastery captain Carl Friedrich Ludwig von Lützow only obtained the approval for this at the state parliament on November 14, 1911 in Sternberg . As a replacement for the other three burned down forest workers' apartments , the state parliament approved the construction of a three-fish kitten on November 12, 1912 in Malchin , which was built in 1913 for 6,977.80 marks. Forest worker Schuldt moved to Jellen with his son in 1940.
After 1945 refugees lived in the two cottages. The fisherman Rolf Strasbourg has been based in Neu Schwinz since 1963.
literature
- Franz Engel: German and Slavic influences in the Dobbertiner landscape. (= Publications of the Geographical Institute of the University of Kiel. Volume II, Issue 3). Würzburg 1934, VII, pp. 106-109, 120-123.
- Franz Engel: The Mecklenburg village of Schwinz, Jellen, Kleesten. In: Low German Observer. 1936, p. 98.
- Klaus Weidermann: On the history of forests, forests and settlements. (= From culture and science. Issue 1). Nossentiner / Schwinzer Heide Nature Park, Karow 1999, pp. 35–42.
- Horst Alsleben , Ralf Berg: New Schwinz with Hellberg brick factory. In: The farmers and forest workers' villages in the nature park and its surroundings. (= From culture and science. Issue 7). Nossentiner / Schwinzer Heide Nature Park, Karow 2012, ISBN 978-3-941971-07-3 , pp. 114–115.
Web links
swell
-
State Main Archive Schwerin (LHAS)
- LHAS 3.2-3 / 1 Provincial Monastery / Monastery Office Dobbertin
- LHAS 3.2-4 Knightly fire insurance
- LHAS 5.11-2
- LHAS 5.12-3 / 1 Mecklenburg-Schwerin Ministry of the Interior . No. 6788 / 1–4 Landgemeinden Dobbertin, Schwinz 1921–1943.
- LHAS 5.12-4 / 2 Mecklenburg Ministry of Agriculture, Domains and Forests
cards
- Dierectorial survey map from the Hochadlichen Dobbertin Monastery Office , 1759
- Wiebeking map of Mecklenburg 1786
- Topographical, economic and military chart of the Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin and the Principality of Ratzeburg. 1788 Dobbertin monastery office with sand prostheses from Count Schmettau
- Chart of the possessions of the Dobbertin monastery, section I. 1822, contains Neu Schwinz, made by SH Zebuhr based on the existing estate maps from 1822.
- Economic map of the Dobbertin Forestry Office 1927/1928
- Official cycling and hiking map Nossentiner / Schwinzer Heide 2010
Individual evidence
- ↑ Measurement table sheet 1885/1993
- ↑ Maps and aerial photos in the MV geoportal
- ↑ LHAS 5.12-4 / 2 MfLDF. No. 4345
- ↑ Museum Goldberg, forestry acts monastery Dobbertin . No. 73, 74
- ↑ LHAS 5.11-2 Protocols of the Landtag . November 13, 1900, No. 9 ..
- ↑ LHAS 5.11-2 Protocols of the Landtag , November 13, 1902, No. 5.
- ↑ LHAS 3.2-3 / 1 Landeskloster / Klosteramt Dobbertin. No. 4345
- ↑ LHAS, 3.2-4 Knightly fire insurance. No. 560
- ↑ LHAS 3.2-3 / 1 Landeskloster / Klosteramt Dobbertin. No. 532
- ↑ LHAS 5.11-2 Minutes of the Landtag. November 14, 1911, no.17.
- ↑ LHAS 5.11-2 Protocols of the Landtag. 1912, 1913.