Altingia gracilipes
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Altingia gracilipes , figure from the original diagnosis |
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| Hemsl. |
Altingia gracilipes is an evergreen deciduous tree species from the small family of Altingiaceae within the order of saxifrage-like (Saxifragales). It occurs in the southeast of China .
description
Vegetative characteristics
The evergreen tree reaches a height of 12 to 20 m. The young twigs are initially somewhat hairy and later bald, older twigs are covered with lenticels . The buds, which are covered with scales, are ovate and have short, downy hairs. The helically arranged leaves are heaped at the tips of the branches and have a slender, 1–3 cm long, bare stem. Stipules are missing. The simple and undivided, pinnate leaf blade is ovate-lanceolate and has a length of 4 to 7 cm and a width of 1.5 to 2.5 cm. It has a blunt or narrowly rounded base and has a long curly pointed tip. The relatively thin, leathery blade is two-tone and bare. It has 5–6 pairs of side nerves that protrude slightly below. The spreading edge is usually entire, less often sawn.
Generative characteristics
The sex distribution of the flowers is single sexed ( monoecious ). The flowers do not have an inflorescence .
The male inflorescences are multi-flowered, spherical, 0.5–0.6 cm large heads . They are usually arranged in several in panicles that are at the ends of the branches or just below them. The male flowers consist only of stamens that have not grown together with sitting, basifix, i.e., red, 1.5 mm long, inverted anthers attached to their base. The two counters trimmed at the top each consist of two pollen sacks and open lengthways with a slit.
The head-shaped female inflorescences appear singly or in groups in a cluster at the branch ends. They have a (1.5–) 2–3 (–4) cm long, upright, downy-haired stalk and are surrounded at the base by four to five ovate-lanceolate, about 8 mm long, membranous, brown-haired bracts . They are about 1.5 cm wide and consist of 5–6 interconnected flowers. These contain only half under constant ovary consisting of two fused together, only at the free tip carpels exists, and several, it is surrounded, flaky Staminodien . The ovary has short downy hairs at the tip. The two awl, 2.5 mm long styluses have a curved back tip. Each of the two ovary compartments contains numerous ovules on the central angular placenta .
The inverted conical, 1.2–1.7 (–2) cm wide fruit stands have a wedge-shaped base and are surrounded by a characteristic high-leaf cover. The individual fruits are woody, two-compartment capsule fruits , which open in folds with two two-part flaps. The upper part of the style and the staminodes are no longer present in the fruit state. The brown, wrinkled seeds are 7-10.5 mm long and about 3.5 mm wide.
Altingia gracilipes flowers from April to June and fruit from July to September.
distribution and habitat
Altingia gracilipes occurs in the southeast of China. On the mainland, the area extends from the south of Zhejiang Province via Fujian to the east of Guangdong . The species is also found on Hainan Island .
The tree species grows in evergreen forests at 400–1000 m above sea level.
ecology
Investigations on experimental plots have shown that several key figures for the soil water balance and soil fertility in mixed stands of Altingia gracilipes and the spit fir ( Cunninghamia lanceolata ) show better values than in pure stands of the spit fir. The enzyme activity was also higher in the soils of the mixed stands than in the pure stands.
Taxonomy and systematics
The species was described in 1907 on the basis of a collection by Stephen Troyte Dunn by William Botting Hemsley . The type locality is in the province of Fujian ("Fokien"). The first description was annexed a reference to two additional collections made that a few years later the basis for the description of Altingia yunnanensis should form.
Due to similarities in the structure of the fruit heads, Altingia tenuifolia is considered by some authors to be a synonym for Altingia gracilipes .
A molecular biological study of five sections of chloroplasts - DNA has Altingia gracilipes as part of a hard resolvable further clade ( "E. Asian clade") shown, in addition to several Altingia TYPES even types of Liquidambar and Semiliquidambar includes. In addition, Altingia gracilipes presented itself as polyphyletic in this work . Mach R. Govaerts, the species is therefore best placed as Liquidambar gracilipes (Hemsl.) Ickert-Bond & J.Wen to the genus Liquidambar .
etymology
The epithet gracilipes ( late Latin. Schlankfüßig ) is derived from Latin. Gracilis ( slender ) and lat. Pes ( foot ) from. It evidently refers to the petioli gracillimi ( petioli gracillimi ) highlighted as particularly slender in the first Latin description .
use
The resin of the bark is used medicinally and as a perfume .
Altingia gracilipes is used in Chinese forestry as a mixed tree species in the plantations of the spit fir ( Cunninghamia lanceolata ) in order to counteract the degradation of the soil by pure stands of this coniferous tree species.
swell
- WB Hemsley: Altingia gracilipes. In: D. Prain (Ed.): Hooker's Icones Plantarum. Vol. 29, 1907, t. 2837. (online)
- Zhang Zhiyun, Zhang Hongda, PK Endress: Hamamelidaceae. In: Flora of China. Vol. 9, Science Press, Beijing, Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis 2003, ISBN 1-930723-14-8 , pp. 18-42. ( Altingia gracilipes - online)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c SM Ickert-Bond, KB Pigg, J. Wen: Comparative infructescence morphology in Altingia (Altingiaceae) and discordance between morphological and molecular phylogenies. In: Amer. J. Bot. 94, 2007, pp. 1094-1115. doi: 10.3732 / ajb.94.7.1094
- ↑ a b Chen Shao-Shuan: The water holding capacity and soil fertility in the mixed forest of Cunninghamia lanceolata and Altingia gracilides. In: Acta. Ecol. Sin. 22, 2002, pp. 957-961. Abstract
- ↑ a b WB Hemsley: Altingia gracilipes. 1907. (online)
- ↑ SM Ickert-Bond, J. Wen: Phylogeny and biogeography of Altingiaceae: Evidence from combined analysis of five non-coding chloroplast regions. In: Mol. Phylogen. Evol. 39, 2006, pp. 512-528. doi: 10.1016 / j.ympev.2005.12.003
- ↑ Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Liquidambar - World Checklist of Selected Plant Families of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Last accessed on September 14, 2018.
- ↑ Helmut Genaust: Etymological dictionary of botanical plant names. 3rd, completely revised and expanded edition. Birkhäuser, Basel / Boston / Berlin 1996, ISBN 3-7643-2390-6 , p. 272 ( (preview in Google book search) ).
Web links
- Altingia gracilipes. In: Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN): Taxonomy for Plants. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), ARS, National Genetic Resources Program, National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland, accessed March 31, 2012 .