Altingia yunnanensis
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Altingia yunnanensis in the Kunming Botanical Garden |
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| Rehder & EHWilson |
Altingia yunnanensis is an evergreen deciduous tree species from the small family of Altingiaceae within the order of saxifrage-like (Saxifragales). It occurs in southwest China ( Yunnan ) and in Vietnam .
description
Vegetative characteristics
The evergreen tree reaches a height of (3–) 15–30 m. The young twigs are lightly downy-haired and later bald, older twigs are gray-brownish to grayish, striped and covered with lenticels . The buds , covered with scales, are narrowly ovate. The helically arranged leaves have a thick, (1–) 1.5–2 cm long, bare stem. The stipules are linear to subulate and 2–5 mm long. They are obsolete and leave small scars . The simple and undivided, pinnate leaf blade is oblong-ovate or oblong-elliptical in shape and has a length of 6–15 cm and a width of 3–7 cm. It usually has a wedge-shaped, sometimes almost rounded base, is pointed to pointed at the front. The blade is leathery, paler colored underneath and bare. It has 6-9 pairs of bilateral protruding lateral nerves. The edge of the spread is sawed or notched almost to the base.
Generative characteristics
The sex distribution of the flowers is single sexed ( monoecious ). The flowers do not have an inflorescence .
The male inflorescences are multi-flowered, ellipsoidal, about 1 cm long heads . They are stalked and arranged in several panicles that are at the ends of the branches or just below them. The male flowers consist only of stamens that have not grown together with seated, basifixed anthers, i.e., anthers attached to their base. The two counters trimmed at the top each consist of two pollen sacks and open lengthways with a slit.
The little head shaped female inflorescences are usually to grape arranged. They have a 3–4 (–6) cm long, downy-haired stem, are surrounded at the base by four egg-shaped, approx. 15 mm long bracts and consist of 16–24 flowers. These contain only half under constant ovary consisting of two fused to each other, free only at the tip carpels is, a surrounding disc and a plurality of flaky Staminodien . The two awl, 3–4 mm long styles are brown, downy-haired. Each of the two ovary compartments contains numerous ovules on the central angular placenta .
The 3–6.5 cm long stalked fruit clusters are 1.5–3 cm wide and almost spherical with a truncated base. The individual fruits are woody, double-faced, slightly brownish, felty capsule fruits , which open in folds with two two-part flaps. The upper part of the style and the staminodes are no longer present in the fruit state. The seeds are angular.
Altingia yunnanensis flowers from March to May and fruit from May to July.
Chromosomes
Altingia yunnanensis has a diploid chromosome set with 2n = 32.
distribution and habitat
Altingia yunnanensis is presented in preparation in the Flora of China as a species endemic to the southeast of the Chinese province of Yunnan . Other authors also indicate occurrences in Vietnam, on the one hand near the Chinese border in the provinces of Lào Cai and Cao Bằng , on the other hand also in the south of the country near Nha Trang .
The tree species grows in mountain forests.
Taxonomy and systematics
The species was in 1913 by Alfred Rehder and Ernest Henry Wilson based on two collections made by the Irish plant collector Augustine Henry firstdescribed . Since the publication was actually dedicated to the processing of the collections by EH Wilson and in this case the underlying collections came from another collector, the description was only given as a footnote to Liquidambar formosana var. Monticola Rehder & EHWilson . The type location is in Mengzi district in the southeast of Yunnan: Mengtze, forests to the south-east, alt. 2000 m. The second collection comes from the same area at 1600 m above sea level . These collections were first mentioned in the course of the first description of Altingia gracilipes by William Botting Hemsley .
Altingia yunnanensis is considered a synonym of Altingia chinensis by some authors . A molecular biological study on the basis of five sections of the chloroplast - DNA has Altingia yunnanensis as part of a not resolvable clade shown ( "Indochina clade"). This clade also contained plants of Altingia poilanei and those that could only be assigned to Altingia chinensis with uncertainty . It seems best to place the species as Liquidambar yunnanensis (Rehder & EHWilson) Ickert-Bond & J.Wen in the genus Liquidambar .
etymology
The specific epithet yunnanensis refers to the type locality of the species in the Chinese province of Yunnan. The genus Altingia is named in honor of Willem Arnold Alting (1724-1800), the governor-general of the Dutch East Indies at the time when the first descriptor Francisco Noroña visited Java .
swell
- M.-L. Tardieu blot: Hamamelidaceae. In: Flore du Cambodge, du Laos et du Vietnam. Fasc. 4. Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris 1965, pp. 75-116.
- Zhang Zhiyun, Zhang Hongda, PK Endress: Hamamelidaceae. In: Flora of China. Vol. 9, Science Press, Beijing, Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis 2003, ISBN 1-930723-14-8 , pp. 18-42. ( Altingia yunnanensis - online)
Individual evidence
- ^ P. Goldblatt, DE Johnson (ed.): Altingia yunnanensis. In: Tropicos.org: Index to Plant Chromosome Numbers (IPCN). Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed October 7, 2012 .
- ↑ Zhang Zhiyun, Zhang Hongda, PK Endress: Hamamelidaceae. In: Flora of China. Vol. 9, Science Press, Beijing, Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis 2003, p. 21. (online)
- ↑ a b SM Ickert-Bond, J. Wen: Phylogeny and biogeography of Altingiaceae: Evidence from combined analysis of five non-coding chloroplast regions. In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 39, 2006, pp. 512-528. doi: 10.1016 / j.ympev.2005.12.003
- ↑ M.-L. Tardieu blot: Hamamelidaceae. In: Flore du Cambodge, du Laos et du Vietnam. Fasc. 4. Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris 1965, p. 94.
- ^ A. Rehder, EH Wilson: Hamamelidaceae. In: CS Sargent (ed.): Plantae Wilsonianae. An enumeration of the woody plants collected in western China for the Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University during the years 1907, 1908, and 1910 by EH Wilson. (= Publications of the Arnold Arboretum. 4). Vol. 1, 1913, pp. 421-432. (on-line)
- ^ WB Hemsley: Altingia gracilipes. In: D. Prain (Ed.): Hooker's Icones Plantarum. Vol. 29, 1907, t. 2837. (online)
- ↑ SM Ickert-Bond, KB Pigg, J. Wen: Comparative infructescence morphology in Altingia (Altingiaceae) and discordance between morphological and molecular phylogenies. In: American Journal of Botany. 94, 2007, pp. 1094-1115. doi: 10.3732 / ajb.94.7.1094
- ↑ Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Liquidambar - World Checklist of Selected Plant Families of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Last accessed on September 15, 2018.
- ^ FG Hayne: Faithful representation and description of the plants used in medicine. Vol. 11, Berlin 1830. (Preview in Google book search)
