Old Catholic Church of the Netherlands
| Old Catholic Church of the Netherlands | |
|---|---|
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| Basic data | |
| Area : | 41,528 km² |
| Membership : | Union of Utrecht |
| Archbishop : | Joris Vercammen |
| Dioceses : |
Archdiocese of Utrecht Diocese of Haarlem Diocese of Deventer ( vacant ) |
| Priest : | 23 |
| Parishes : | 25th |
| Old Catholics : | 5,275 As of end of 2009 |
| Archdiocese of Utrecht | |
| Bishopric : | St. Gertrudis (Utrecht) |
| Full professor : | Joris Vercammen |
| Archbishop emeritus : |
Antonius Jan Glazemaker († January 20, 2018) |
| Regions : | 4th |
| Priest: | 15th |
| Parishes: | 16 |
| Stations / Steungroeps: | 4th |
| Diocese of Haarlem | |
| Bishopric: | St. Anna and Maria ( Haarlem ) |
| Bishop : | Dick Schoon |
| Regions: | 2 |
| Priest: | 8th |
| Parishes: | 9 |
| Official Website: | www.okkn.nl |
The Old Catholic Church of the Netherlands ( De Oud-Katholieke Kerk van Nederland ) is registered with the state authorities under its old proper name: Roomsch Katholieke Kerk van de Oud-Bisschoppelijke Cleresie (Roman Catholic Church of the Old Episcopal Clergy ). It is the oldest of the Union of Utrecht federated Old Catholic Churches .
history
The diocese of Utrecht was founded at the end of the 7th century by Saint Willibrord and in the Middle Ages it belonged to the Cologne church province. In 1145 Pope Eugene III confirmed . the cathedral chapter of Utrecht the right to elect bishops after this by King Conrad III. and had been requested by Bishop Heribert of Utrecht . The Fourth Lateran Council confirmed this right in 1215. The ecclesiastical province of Utrecht brought with Hadrian VI in 1522 . even produced a Pope.
In 1559 Pope Paul IV elevated Utrecht to an archbishopric and established five new dioceses in this area, including Haarlem and Deventer . Soon afterwards, the Dutch Reformation put an end to the newly created archdiocese. After two candidates nominated by the Spanish king had not found confirmation from the Pope and remained in exile, the Dutch Catholics were given pastoral care from 1602 onwards by a Vicar Apostolic (with the rank of titular bishop "in partibus infidelium", in the mission area) based in Utrecht.
From 1592 the Jesuits began to work counter-Reformation and soon gained a certain influence. This led to conflicts with parts of the local clergy and lay people. While the latter is based on that of Pope Eugene III. and the Fourth Lateran Council, the religious argued that the Reformation had made the Netherlands a mission area again, which the Pope (through the Jesuits) administered directly, and that they were therefore not subject to the instructions of the titular Archbishop of Utrecht. Another point of contention was the Jesuit casuistic ethics , which met with popular disapproval, and asserted Jansenist tendencies among Dutch clerics, including Vicars Apostolic Johannes van Neercassel and Petrus Codde .
The open rupture occurred when Codde refused to sign the anti-Jansenism form of Alexander VII during a visit to Rome for the holy year 1700 . Codde was suspended in 1701 and resigned under protest in 1704. After his death in 1710, the Utrecht “Vicariaat” claimed the old rights of the cathedral chapter to elect a bishop and in 1723 elected Cornelius Steenoven as archbishop of Utrecht .
After Steenoven's consecration by the suspended French missionary bishop Dominique Varlet , the Pope excommunicated the newly consecrated and his followers. Supported by the Dutch government, they formed the “Roman Catholic Church of the Old Episcopal Clergy” and organized in the Archdiocese of Utrecht and soon after in the Suffragan Diocese of Haarlem. The Vicars Apostolic appointed by the Curia evaded to Brussels .
The Church of Utrecht tried again and again between 1723 and 1889 to reach an understanding with Rome. The Archbishop of Utrecht and the Bishops of Haarlem and Deventer appealed several times to a general council. In 1763 a provincial synod took place, the result of which was ignored by Rome. The fact that they did not want to part completely with Rome is also expressed in the official name of the Church. Furthermore, for reasons of tradition and as a token of goodwill, every consecration of a new bishop was communicated to the Roman Curia with a request for confirmation (which was always refused). After the merger with the other Old Catholic Churches, this habit was abandoned. Only since the Second Vatican Council have elections and ordinations been reported back to Rome under the sign of ecumenism , which the Holy See now regularly replies with a letter of congratulations. In 2014, under Archbishop Joris Vercammen , the International Old Catholic Bishops' Conference was received in private audience by Pope Francis .
The Old Catholic Church of the Netherlands was instrumental in founding and developing the Union of Utrecht from 1889 until today. This connection with the other Old Catholic Churches has also led to similar results in the Dutch Church, which at first was skeptical of the approach of the "reform-minded" Old Catholics in the German-speaking area: continuous use of the vernacular in worship, acceptance of the synodal principle , repeal of the obligation Celibacy for priests, recognition of Anglican ordinations, ordination of women . The blessing of same-sex couples are allowed.
See also
literature
- John Mason Neale: A History of the So-Called Jansenist Church of Holland. Oxford 1858.
- Bertrand van Bilsen: Het schisma van Utrecht. 1949.
- Victor Conzemius: Catholicism without Rome. Benziger Verlag, Zurich / Einsiedeln / Cologne 1969.
- Serge A. Thériault: Dominique-Marie Varlet - Lettres Du Canada Et De La Louisiane 1713-1724. Québec 1985, ISBN 2-7605-0378-X
- Old Catholic Church of the Netherlands / Utrecht Archives (Ed.): Gallicanism And Ultramontanism In Catholic Europe In The 18th Century. Foreign Correspondence And Other Documents From The Archive Of The Jansenist Archbishops Of Utrecht, 1723-1808 on microfiche. Utrecht / Amsterdam 2003.
- Dick J. Schoon : Van bisschoppelijke Cleresie dead Oud-Katholieke Kerk. Bijdrage tot de geschiedenis van het katholicisme in Nederland in de 19de eeuw. Valkhof Pers, Nijmegen 2004.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f Old Catholic Church of the Netherlands: Bisdommen Regio's
- ^ A b c Old Catholic Church of the Netherlands: Parochies
- ↑ SILA (ndl.)
- ↑ "In de Driehoek"
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↑ The "Vicariaat" was the college of priests which was established by the Vicars Apostolic , who were titular bishops, and which saw themselves as the legal successors of the old Utrecht Metropolitan Chapter. Cf. Conzemius, pp. 51–52:
“In the old chapters, Protestants had often infiltrated themselves and seized the chapter's fortune. In 1622 the state forbade the election of new Catholic canons. In order to remedy this confused situation, the Vicar Apostolic set up a college of priests in 1633 to assist him in his episcopal administration. Of course, he couldn't name a chapter because that would have challenged the state authorities. This is how the new authority was called “Vicariaat”. Its legal character is controversial. What is certain is that at the beginning of the 18th century this college regarded itself as the legal successor to the old Utrecht Metropolitan Chapter and in 1703 had the famous canonist Van Espen from Löwen issue a corresponding report. [...]
After almost twenty years of interregnum, the Utrecht chapter began to help itself. The canonist Van Espen from Löwen, probably the greatest ecclesiastical legal scholar of his time, granted the chapter the right to elect a bishop by pleading for the continuity of the priestly chapters with the old cathedral chapters Haarlem and Utrecht. " - ^ Old Catholic Bishops' Conference: Working visit and private audience in Rome Utrecher Union, accessed on March 21, 2017
- ^ Pope receives Old Catholics on Vatican Radio, accessed on March 21, 2017