Kitten slices
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Amentotaxus needles, 49 million years old |
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The catkins ( Amentotaxus ) are a genus of plants in the family of the yew family (Taxaceae) within the order of the conifers (Coniferales). The five to seven species since 2019 are found in southern China, Taiwan, in small areas in the eastern Himalayas and in parts of Indochina.
description
Species of catkins are evergreen shrubs or smaller trees . The leathery, needle-shaped leaves are opposite, are pointed and have two bluish stomatal bands on the underside.
They are dioeciously separated sexes ( diocesan ), which means that male and female sexes cannot be found together on one individual. Several male cones stand together, they look kitten-like (hence the name) and are 3 to 15 centimeters long. The seeds are (like all species in the Taxaceae family) surrounded by an aril , which does not completely surround the seeds; in Amentotaxus species this is colored in different shades of red.
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Locations
The Amentotaxus species usually thrive in the shrub layer of moist, submontane to montane, semi-evergreen to evergreen forests.
Systematics, botanical history and distribution
The genus Amentotaxus was published in 1917 by Robert Knud Friedrich Pilger in Botanical Yearbooks for Systematics, Plant History and Plant Geography. Volume 54, page 41. The genus name Amentotaxus is made up of Amento for "kitten" and Taxus for the genus similar to it.
Until 1952, Amentotaxus and Amentotaxus argotaenia were considered monotypic genus. Hui-Lin Li differentiated the genus into four species based on leaf morphology and distribution area.
The Amentotaxus species are distributed from India to China and Taiwan to Indochina .
Since 2019 there are five to seven species and two varieties in the genus Amentotaxus :
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Amentotaxus argotaenia
(Hance) Pilgrims : There are two varieties:
- Amentotaxus argotaenia (Hance) pilgrims . Var Argotaenia : It comes in the northern Vietnam , in southeastern Tibet , in Taiwan and the Chinese provinces of Fujian , southern Gansu , Guangdong , Guangxi , Guizhou , western Hubei , Hunan , Jiangsu , northwestern Jiangxi , central and southeast Sichuan and maybe in Zhejiang before.
- Amentotaxus argotaenia var. Brevifolia K.M.Lan & FHZhang : It occurs only in southeastern Guizhou.
- Amentotaxus assamica D.K. Ferguson : Since it was first described, this species was only known from southeastern Tibet, in 1985 it was also found in the Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh .
- Amentotaxus formosana H.L.Li : This endemic occurs in southeastern Taiwan.
- Amentotaxus hatuyenensis T.H. Nguyên : It is only known from one site in the Hagiang Province in northern Vietnam. It is considered a synonym for Amentotaxus yunnanensis (Phan et al. 2014; Gao et al. 2017).
- Amentotaxus hekouensis L.M. Gao : It was first described in 2019. This endangered species thrives in evergreen mountain forests on limestone mountains at altitudes of 850 to 1200 meters, rarely up to 1750 meters. There are only a few isolated sites in the districts of Funing , Malipo and Hekou in the Chinese province of Yunnan, in Vietnam only in Muong Khuong in the Lao Cai province and Mai Chau in the Hoa Binh province and Laos only in Xiang Khouang .
- Amentotaxus poilanei (Ferré et Rouane) DKFerguson : It occurs only in southern Vietnam, only one occurrence is confirmed in the province of Kon Tum . This species is endangered.
- Amentotaxus yunnanensis H.L.Li : It thrives in the tropical karst only in southeastern Yunnan, in Xingyi Xian in southwestern Guizhou and adjacent areas in Vietnam only in Lao Kai and Laos.
The external systematics of the genus Amentotaxus was unclear for a long time. Due to the similarities of the male cones was in the family of cephalotaxus plants assigned (Cephalotaxaceae); A separate family (Amentotaxaceae) was proposed because of the number of chromosomes. Phylogenetic studies have confirmed the classification to the yew family (Taxaceae).
swell
- Christopher J. Earle: Amentotaxus. In: The Gymnosperm Database. January 17, 2020, accessed on March 24, 2020 .
- Liguo Fu, Nan Li, Robert R. Mill: Amentotaxus . In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China . Volume 4: Cycadaceae through Fagaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 1999, ISBN 0-915279-70-3 , pp. 92 (English).
- Cheng Yuchang, Robert G. Nicolson, Kim Tripp, Shu-Miaw Chaw: Phylogeny of Taxaceae and Cephalotaxaceae genera inferred from chloroplast matK gene and nuclear rDNA ITS region. In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution , Volume 14, Issue 3, 2000, pp. 353-3365.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g Christopher J. Earle: Amentotaxus. In: The Gymnosperm Database. January 17, 2020, accessed on March 24, 2020 .
- ↑ a b c d e Lian-Ming Gao, Shao-Lin Tan, Gui-Liang Zhang, Philip Thomas: A new species of Amentotaxus (Taxaceae) from China, Vietnam, and Laos. In: PhytoKeys , Volume 130, August 29, 2019, pp. 25–32. doi : 10.3897 / phytokeys.130.33956
- ↑ Hui-Lin Li: The genus Amentotaxus . In: Journal of the Arnold Arboretum . tape 33 , no. 2 , 1952, pp. 192-198 .
- ↑ a b c d e Liguo Fu, Nan Li, Robert R. Mill: Amentotaxus . In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China . Volume 4: Cycadaceae through Fagaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 1999, ISBN 0-915279-70-3 , pp. 92 (English).
- ↑ Lian-Ming Gao, Yan Li, Loc Ke Phan, Li-Jun Yan, Philip Thomas, Long Ke Phan, Michael Möller, De-Zhu Li: DNA barcoding of East Asian Amentotaxus (Taxaceae): Potential new species and implications for conservation . In: Journal of Systematics and Evolution , Volume 55, Issue 1, 2017, pp. 16–24. doi : 10.1111 / jse.12207
- ↑ Shu-Miaw Chaw, Huang-Mo Sung, Huei Long, Andrey Zharkikh, Wen-Hsiung Li: The Phylogenetic Positions of the Conifer Genera Amentotaxus , Phyllocladus and Nageia Inferred from 18S rRNA Sequences . In: Journal of Molecular Evolution . tape 41 , 1995, pp. 224-230 , doi : 10.1007 / BF00170676 .
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