Amitostigma
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Amitostigma lepidum |
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Amitostigma is a genus in the family of the Orchid Family (Orchidaceae). 28 species of these small, herbaceous plants are native to East Asia.
description
To amitostigma include perennial herbaceous plant with roundish tubers as Überdauerungsorganen ( geophytes ). There are two bracts and one, rarely two leaves on the shoot . The leaf is elongated to narrow oval, it ends with a pointed tip, the base of the leaf includes the stem.
The terminal inflorescence is a little-flowered raceme . The flowers are resupinated , white, pink to purple, rarely yellow. The petals are not fused together. The lateral petals and the dorsal sepal often form a hood over the flower. The lip is three-lobed, the middle lobe is often slightly incised again. At the bottom the lip forms a spur. The column is short, it carries the two-chambered stamen . The two pollinia are floury in consistency, sticking together in small pieces. They sit without clearly formed stems (caudiculae) directly on the adhesive discs ( viscidium ). These are surrounded by a pocket (bursicula) that is only hinted at. The separating tissue between the stigma and stamen is only slightly developed. It has two appendages on the side. At the base of the column there are also two appendages that have grown together with the lip.
distribution
Amitostigma is distributed in East Asia from the Kuril Islands in the north via Japan, Korea and China to Thailand and Vietnam in the south. The "Flora of China" lists 22 species that occur in China, 21 of which are endemic there.
Systematics and botanical history
Within the orchids, the genus Amitostigma is classified in the Unterertribus Orchidinae . The next related genera are Neottianthe , Ponerorchis and Hemipilia . According to R. Govaerts, the species belong to the genus Ponerorchis .
Amitostigma was first described in 1856 by Carl Ludwig Blume under the name Mitostigma . The name is derived from mitos , "thread" and stigma , "scar", as Blume interpreted the lateral appendages of the column as an extension of the scar. However, this name had already been used by Joseph Decaisne for a genus of the Asclepiadaceae , so Schlechter renamed the genus. He chose the negative prefix a- , since he interpreted the processes as not belonging to the scar, but as staminodes .
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The following species belong to the genus Amitostigma :
- Amitostigma alpestre Fukuy. : Northern and Central Taiwan.
- Amitostigma amplexifolium Tang & FTWang : Western Sichuan.
- Amitostigma bidupense (Aver.) Aver. : Southern Vietnam.
- Amitostigma bifoliatum Tang & FTWang : Northern Sichuan and Southern Gansu.
- Amitostigma capitatum Tang & FTWang : Sichuan and western Hubei.
- Amitostigma dolichocentrum Tang, FTWang & KYLang : Western Sichuan.
- Amitostigma faberi (Rolfe) Schltr. : China.
- Amitostigma farreri Schltr. : Southeastern Tibet to northwestern Yunnan.
- Amitostigma fujisanense K.Inoue : Northern and Central Japan.
- Amitostigma gonggashanicum K.Y.Lang : Southwestern Sichuan.
- Amitostigma gracile (flower) Schltr. : China to temperate East Asia.
- Amitostigma hemipilioides (Finet) Tang & FTWang : China.
- Amitostigma keiskei (Finet) Schltr. : Japan.
- Amitostigma keiskeoides (Gagnep.) Garay & Kittr. : She is also called Tsaiorchis keiskeoides (Gagnep.) XHJin, Schuit. & WTJin in the genus Tsaiorchis . It occurs in northern Vietnam.
- Amitostigma kinoshitae (Makino) Schltr. : Southern Kuril Islands to Hokkaido and Honshu.
- Amitostigma lepidum (Rchb.f.) Schltr. : Kyushu to Nansei Islands.
- Amitostigma monanthum (Finet) Schltr. : Southeast Tibet to China and northern Myanmar.
- Amitostigma papilionaceum Tang, FTWang & KYLang : Northwest Sichuan.
- Amitostigma parceflorum (Finet) Schltr. : China.
- Amitostigma physoceras Schltr. : Sichuan.
- Amitostigma pinguicula (Rchb.f. & S.Moore) Schltr. : It is also referred to as Shizhenia pinguicula (Rchb.f. & S.Moore) XHJin, Lu Q.Huang, WTJin & XGXiang in the genus Shizhenia . It occurs in northeastern Zhejiang .
- Amitostigma simplex Tang & FTWang : Sichuan and Yunnan.
- Amitostigma tetralobum (Finet) Schltr. : Sichuan and Yunnan.
- Amitostigma thailandicum Seidenf. & Thaithong : Northern Thailand.
- Amitostigma tibeticum Schltr. : Southeastern Tibet to northwestern Yunnan.
- Amitostigma trifurcatum Tang, FTWang & KYLang : Northwestern Yunnan.
- Amitostigma wenshanense W.H.Chen, YMShui & KYLang : Yunnan.
- Amitostigma yueanum Tang & FTWang : Southeastern Tibet to northwestern Yunnan.
literature
- Chen Xinqi, Stephan W. Gale, Phillip J. Cribb: 36. AMITOSTIGMA Schlechter, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 4: 91. 1919 . In: Flora of China . tape 25 . Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis Sept. 7, 2009, p. 124-131 ( harvard.edu [PDF; 4.9 MB ; accessed on May 25, 2016] Publishing House also Science Press, Beijing).
supporting documents
Most of the information in this article comes from:
- Chen Xinqi, Stephan W. Gale, Phillip J. Cribb: Amitostigma . In: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China . tape 25 Orchidaceae (Draft). Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis 1994 ( Flora of China [accessed July 8, 2009]).
- K. Senghas (Ed.): Rudolf Schlechter: The orchids . 3. Edition. I / A. Paul Parey, 1992, ISBN 3-489-78622-X , p. 212-213 .
- Alec M. Pridgeon, Phillip Cribb, Mark W. Chase, Finn Rasmussen (Eds.): Genera Orchidacearum. Orchidoideae (Part 1) . tape 2 . Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford 2001, ISBN 0-19-850710-0 , pp. 427 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Amitostigma. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved May 6, 2020.
