Ammonium fluoride

Structural formula
General
Surname	Ammonium fluoride
other names	Fluorammonium Ammonium fluoride AMMONIUM FLUORIDE ( INCI )
Molecular formula	NH 4 F
Brief description	white, deliquescent crystals
External identifiers / databases
CAS number 12125-01-8 EC number 235-185-9 ECHA InfoCard 100,031,975 PubChem 16211145 ChemSpider 23806 Wikidata Q205374
properties
Molar mass	37.04 g · mol -1
Physical state	firmly
density	1.01 g cm −3
Melting point	Decomposition from 100 ° C
solubility	easily in water (820 g l −1 at 20 ° C)
safety instructions
GHS hazard labeling from  Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008 (CLP) , expanded if necessary danger H and P phrases H: 301 + 311 + 331 P: 280-302 + 352-304 + 340-308 + 310
MAK	1 mg m −3 (inhalable aerosol fraction)
As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

Ammonium fluoride is the ammonium salt of hydrogen fluoride .

properties

Ammonium fluoride

Ammonium fluoride forms colorless, easily deliquescent, easily soluble in water crystals and is poisonous.

The substance is able to attack glass and should therefore preferably be stored in containers made of polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or glass bottles covered with paraffin .

Reactions

When heated, it breaks down into ammonia and hydrogen fluoride:

${\displaystyle \mathrm {NH_{4}F(s)\longrightarrow NH_{3}(g)+HF(g)} }$

synthesis

Ammonium fluoride is produced by neutralizing aqueous ammonia solution with hydrofluoric acid and then crystallizing from water.

${\displaystyle \mathrm {NH_{3}(aq)+HF(aq)\longrightarrow NH_{4}F(aq)} }$

Another synthesis route is the heating of ammonium chloride with sodium fluoride , whereby the product sublimates:

${\displaystyle \mathrm {NH_{4}Cl+NaF\longrightarrow NH_{4}F+NaCl} }$

use

Ammonium fluoride is used for glass etching and, like hydrofluoric acid , is used in analysis to break down silicates .

Precautions

Ammonium fluoride is poisonous. Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Hydrogen fluoride is released on contact with strong acids. This is extremely poisonous and extremely corrosive.

disposal

Precipitate dissolved fluoride as calcium fluoride .

See also

• Ammonium hydrogen difluoride

Web links

Commons : Ammonium fluoride  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Entry on AMMONIUM FLUORIDE in the CosIng database of the EU Commission, accessed on February 12, 2020.
2. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h} Entry on ammonium fluoride in the GESTIS substance database of the IFA , accessed on January 10, 2017(JavaScript required) .
3. ↑ Entry on ammonium fluoride in the Classification and Labeling Inventory of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), accessed on August 1, 2016. Manufacturers or distributors can expand the harmonized classification and labeling .
4. ↑ ^{a b} Helmut Hörath: Dangerous substances and preparations . 6th edition. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-8047-1850-7 , p. 410 .
5. ↑ G. Brauer (Ed.), Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry. 2nd ed., Vol. 1, Academic Press 1963, ISBN 012126601X , p. 183