Amomum dealbatum
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Amomum dealbatum |
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Amomum dealbatum is a species of the genus Amomum withinthe ginger family (Zingiberaceae). It occurs in parts of South and Southeast Asia.
description
Vegetative characteristics
Amomum dealbatum grows as a perennial , herbaceous plant that can reach heights of 1 to 3.5 meters. The white to yellowish brown rhizomes are about 2 to 4 centimeters thick and covered with scales on the outside. The leathery, shiny, hairless and grooved brown scales are ovate to obovate with a length of 1 to 5 centimeters and a width of around 5 centimeters with a pointed upper end and entire margins. The rhizome is about 5 centimeters long between the individual “pseudostems”. From each rhizome three to five, occasionally up to 15 clump-forming shoot axes or "pseudostems" go off. On the slightly swollen base with a diameter of 1.5 to 2 centimeters, the stems have light green, grooved and tomentose hairy leaf sheaths with ciliate edges. The light brown, membrane-like shaggy and outside with rust red hair occupied Ligule be about 4 to 5 centimeters long and are lanceolate to circular; its upper end has two columns and the edges are ciliate.
Each stem has about eight to ten leaves. The leaves are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The green runny leaf stalk is grooved and tomentose and is 0.5 to 10 centimeters long. With a length of 40 to 90 centimeters and a width of 5.5 to 15 centimeters, the simple leaf blade is oblong to oblong-lanceolate with a long and pointed to wedge-shaped leaf base and a pointed to long tailed upper end. The glossy green upper side of the leaf is bare, while the light or pale green and whitish underside of the leaf is covered with felty brownish hairs. The leaf blades show a conspicuous, primary leaf vein on the underside while the secondary leaf vein is conspicuous on both leaf sides. The leaf margins are entire.
Generative characteristics
At least in Yunnan, the flowering period includes the months of May and June and the fruits ripen there between June and September. Directly at the stem base from the rhizome develops on a 2 to 15 centimeter long and 0.6 to 1 centimeter thick, light brown, grooved and hairless inflorescence shaft with a length of 5 to 6 centimeters and a diameter of about 3 to 6 centimeters more elliptical to almost spherical, spike-like inflorescence in which the flowers are close together. Around three inflorescences are formed per stem and around ten to eleven flowers bloom at the same time. The inflorescence shaft is covered with light to dark brown, hard and thick, leathery, grooved and hairless scales with entire margins and a pointed upper end with a short spur , which is 1.5 to 7 centimeters long and 1 to 6 in width Centimeters wide ovate to broadly lanceolate in shape. The reddish to light brown, outside bare to rough and grooved bracts are 2 to 4.5 centimeters long and 1 to 1.5 centimeters wide and lanceolate to ovoid to boat-shaped with paper-like, winged, pointed upper end and entire margins. Each of the bracts has a single flower and falls off after a short time. Cover sheets are missing.
The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic and threefold with double, white to colorless perianths . The three translucent, white to colorless, membrane-like sepals are fused together in a tubular shape over a length of 1.5 to 1.6 centimeters and are 2.5 to 3 centimeters long and 0.3 to 0.5 centimeters wide slightly longer than the corolla tube. They are triple-serrated, the calyx teeth are 0.5 to 0.1 centimeters long and have a finely hairy outside as well as a pointed tip with a thick and short spur . The three translucent, white to colorless and about 4 to 5 centimeters long and bare petals are fused into a 2 to 2.5 centimeters long and inside at the base bare but otherwise fine to curly and tomentose-haired corolla tube. There are also three white and hairless, membrane-like and lanceolate corolla lobes. The middle corolla lobe is 2.3 to 2.5 inches long and 0.8 to 1.2 inches wide with a cap-shaped upper end. The two lateral crown lobes are a bit narrower with a length of 2 to 2.5 centimeters and a width of 0.6 to 0.9 centimeters and also have a cap-shaped upper end. Only the middle of the stamens of the inner circle is fertile . The fertile stamen has a flattened, 0.2 to 0.5 centimeter long, finely haired, white stamen on the upper side . The two white halves of the hairless anthers are elongated with a length of 1.3 to 1.5 centimeters and a width of 0.2 to 0.4 centimeters. The staminodes of the inner circle have grown together to form a labellum , which in turn has grown together with the fertile stamen to form a short tube. The 2.5 to 4 centimeters long and 1.5 to 2 centimeters wide, membrane-like and elliptical labellum is white with a red and yellow stripe in the middle and a red vein; it is covered with hair and has a rounded to edged tip and entire edges. The lateral, white staminodes are triangular to awl-shaped with a length of around 0.2 centimeters. Three carpels are fused into a three-chambered, hairy and with a diameter of around 0.4 centimeters spherical ovary with nine longitudinal furrows. Each of the rounded ovary chamber contains about 15 ovules . The stylus is hairless and ends in a rounded and hairless scar with ciliated tip.
The brown shaft of the infructescence is hairless, about 10 to 20 centimeters long and about 0.5 centimeters thick. In a 6 to 7 centimeter thick fruit stand there are about 20 capsule fruits , which are on a 1 to 2 centimeter long stalk. With a length of 2 to 3 centimeters and a width of 1 to 1.5 centimeters, the egg-shaped to ellipsoidal capsule fruits are initially green in color, but when they are ripe they turn reddish green. The hairy surface of the fruit has nine wings that are 0.2 to 0.3 centimeters wide with serrated edges. Each of the three fruit compartments contains around 15 to 20 seeds. The bare, black seeds are spherical with a diameter of about 3 millimeters and have a yellowish aril .
Occurrence
The natural range of Amomum dealbatum is in parts of South and Southeast Asia . It extends from the Indian states of Assam and Sikkim via Bhutan , Myanmar , the Chinese province of Yunnan , Thailand and Laos to Vietnam . It may also be found in Nepal and Sumatra .
The species thrives at altitudes of 120 to 1280 meters where it grows on calcareous soil types in summer and evergreen forests as well as open forests in shady places.
Taxonomy
The first description as Amomum dealbatum was in 1820 by William Roxburgh in Flora Indica; or descriptions of Indian Plants , Volume 1, pages 42-43. A synonym for Amomum dealbatum Roxb. is Cardamomum dealbatum (Roxb.) Kuntze . In Amomum dealbatum is a species complex and after detailed investigations, several types could be split in the future.
use
The fruits are traded in northern Laos and the sweet but also slightly sour aril is used as food.
Hazard and protection
Amomum dealbatum has not been assigned to a hazard category in the IUCN Red List since 2011 due to the imprecise data situation. This is because the species complex has not yet been researched in more detail and could be split into several species in the future.
swell
- Vichith Lamxay, MF Newman: A revision of Amomum (Zingiberaceae) in Camboida, Laos and Vietnam . In: Edinburgh Journal of Botany . tape 69 , no. 1 . Trustees of the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 2012, p. 99-206 , doi : 10.1017 / S0960428611000436 .
- Delin Wu, Kai Larsen: Zingiberaceae . Amomum. In: Wu Zheng-Yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China . Flagellariaceae through Marantaceae. Volume 24. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, Amomum dealbatum , pp. 354 (English, " Amomum dealbatum - Online " - this work is online with the same text). (Sections Description, Occurrence and Systematics)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i Vichith Lamxay, MF Newman: A revision of Amomum (Zingiberaceae) in Camboida, Laos and Vietnam . In: Edinburgh Journal of Botany . tape 69 , no. 1 . Trustees of the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 2012, p. 99-206 , doi : 10.1017 / S0960428611000436 .
- ↑ a b c d e f Delin Wu, Kai Larsen: Zingiberaceae . Amomum. In: Wu Zheng-Yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China . Flagellariaceae through Marantaceae. Volume 24. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, Amomum dealbatum , pp. 354 (English, " Amomum dealbatum - Online " - this work is online with the same text). (Sections Description, Occurrence and Systematics)
- ^ AJ Droop, MF Newman: A revision of Amomum (Zingiberaceae) in Sumatra . In: Edinburgh Journal of Botany . tape 71 , no. 2 . Trustees of the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 2014, p. 193-258 , doi : 10.1017 / S0960428614000043 .
- ↑ a b Amomum dealbatum in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2017 Posted by: J. Leong-Skornickova, HD Tran, M. Newman, V. & S. Lamxay Bouamanivong, 2011. Accessed May 5 2018th
- ↑ Amomum dealbatum at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed May 5, 2018.
Web links
- Amomum dealbatum in the Red List of Threatened Species of the IUCN 2017. Posted by: J. Leong-Skornickova, HD Tran, M. Newman, V. & S. Lamxay Bouamanivong, 2011. Accessed May 5 2018th