Anabar (river)

Anabar (Анабар) upper course:  Great Kuonamka (Большая Куонамка / Куонапка; Bolschaja Kuonamka / Kuonapka)
Catchment area of Anabar (headwaters: Large Kuonamka ) and Anabarbucht (top) with rivers Small Kuonamka , Udja and Uele , Republic of Sakha (right), Krasnoyarsk (left); also Laptev Sea in the Arctic Ocean (top right) and the village of Saskylach (center)
Data
Water code	RU :  18010000112117600037247
location	Anabar Plateau and North Siberian Lowlands , Sakha Republic ( Russia )
River system	Anabar
source	Southern part of the Anabar Plateau 69 ° 27 ′ 4 ″  N , 106 ° 20 ′ 5 ″  E
Source height	approx.  700  m
muzzle	in the Anabar Bay of the Laptev Sea ( Arctic Ocean ) Coordinates: 73 ° 13 '45 "  N , 113 ° 32' 18"  O 73 ° 13 '45 "  N , 113 ° 32' 18"  E
Mouth height	0  m
Height difference	approx. 700 m
Bottom slope	approx. 1.8 ‰
length	approx. 380 km  (from the tributary of Kleiner Kuonamka ) approx. 939 km (from the source of Großer Kuonamka )
Catchment area	approx. 100,000 km²
Discharge at the gauge Saskylach A Eo : 78,800 km² Location: 209 km above the mouth	MQ 1954/1999 Mq 1954/1999	452 m³ / s 5.7 l / (s km²)
Drain	MQ	498 m³ / s
Left tributaries	Delinde , Aryy-Mastaach , Doruocha , Konnies , Charabyl , Suolema
Right tributaries	Chochoi , Djuken , Nebaibyt , Kleine Kuonamka , Ebeljach , Majat , Udja , Uele
Communities	Saskylach

The Anabar ( Russian Анабар ) is an approximately 380 km long river or along with its well Large Kuonamka ( Большая Куонамка ; Bolshaya Kuonamka) or Large Kuonapka ( Большая Куонапка ; Bolshaya Kuonapka)-called upper reaches around 939 km long stream in the northwest of the Republic of Sakha and in the north of Siberia and Russia ( Asia ) and at the same time tributary of the Laptev Sea , part of the Arctic Ocean . Its upper course ( Great Kuonamka or Kuonapka ) is often referred to as the left Anabar headwaters .

course

The Anabar rises as the Great Kuonamka around 325 km north of the Arctic Circle in the southern part of the Anabar Plateau , the northern part of the Central Siberian Mountains . Its source is about 700  m above sea level not far east of the border of the Krasnoyarsk region, east of the main ridge of a plateau area located in this neighboring region and in the mountain "Wysoki" ( ⊙ ) up to 829  m high.

Initially, the Anabar ( Great Kuonamka ) flows mainly eastward in the southern and eastern parts of the Anabar Plateau through sparsely populated landscapes, but it passes, for example, the very distant settlements of Soika Sergeja and - after a northward section of the river - Staraja . Then it turns to the east and reaches about 480 km north of the Arctic Circle after about 559 km of river, which corresponds to the total length of the Great Kuonamka , the confluence of the Little Kuonamka (often referred to as the right source river) at an altitude of about 16  m . which is 457 km long.

From this confluence the river, known only as Anabar, gradually leaves the central Siberian mountainous region, continues in its middle course towards the north through almost uninhabited landscapes, but it touches the village of Saskylach on its eastern bank ; around there the river reaches the North Siberian lowlands that it flows through in its lower reaches. Much further north, it also touches the village of Jurjung-Chaja , located a little above the left-hand Kharabyl estuary and also on the east bank of the Anabar , where the future end point of the Anabar highway, which is under construction, will be located.

About 56 km of river below Yuryung-Khaya opens the Anabar - to open out of from the west flowing Suolema - to 0  m height in the southern part of its Anabarbucht said estuary (funnel mouth), after which it flows through in the order Anabar Bay , a golf of the Arctic Ocean belonging Laptev Sea to flow. The Anabar Estuary lies between those of the Chatanga ( Chatangagolf ) in the west and Olenjok ( Olenjokgolf ) in the east.

Catchment area and tributaries

The catchment area of the Anabar, which lies almost exclusively in the Sakha Republic, but forms part of the north-eastern part of the Krasnoyarsk region as part of its western tributary Suolema , is about 100,000 km². There are diamond deposits within this area .

The tributaries of the Anabar include, viewed downstream (up to the influence of the Little Kuonamka , there are tributaries of the Great Kuonamka ): Delinde, Chochoi, Djuken, Aryy-Mastaach, Nebaibyt, Kleine Kuonamka , Ebeljach, Majat, Udja, Doruocha, Konnies, Charabyl , Suolema and Uele, the latter two rivers flowing into the Anabar Bay.

Climate, hydrology and hydrography

The Anabar flows through landscapes of frost rubble deserts and tundra with mosses and lichens . The winters are long and extremely cold, the summers short and cold. The river is covered by ice from around the end of September to the beginning of June . When the permafrost thaws in summer and the ice and snow melt, strong floods often arise , which the river drives through Anabar Bay into the Gulf. The mean annual discharge  (MQ) is 498 m³ / s.

history

Originally populated Evenk The catchment area of Anabar and Vasily Sychev was in 1643 the first Russian who came to the river.

Individual references and sources

1. ↑ ^{a b c d e} Article Anabar in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (BSE) , 3rd edition 1969–1978 (Russian)http: //vorlage_gse.test/1%3D51107~2a%3DAnabar~2b%3DAnabar
2. ↑ Topographic map (1: 200.000, p. R-48-XXIII, XXIV, edition 1986), Anabar source ( Große Kuonamka ; bottom left) and a. with Anabar flowing to the east ( Great Kuonamka ; bottom right) and Ilja (diagonal, top center; in Krasnoyarsk region ) on mapr48.narod.ru (with heights above sea level )
3. ↑ ^{a b} Topographical map (1: 200.000, Bl. S-49-XXIX, XXX, Ed. 1987), Anabarbucht -Südteil (top right) and a. with mouths of the Anabar ( 0  m height; ⊙ ; top right; flowing from the south), Suolema (top right; from the west) and Uele (top right; from the east) on maps49.narod.ru (with heights above sea level)
4. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g} Anabar with Great Kuonapka = Great Kuonamka in the State Water Directory of the Russian Federation (Russian)
5. ↑ Anabar at the Saskylach gauge - hydrographic data at R-ArcticNET
6. ↑ Topographic map (1: 1,000,000, p. S-49,50, ed. 1987), Anabar estuary (Anabar bay ; in the middle) with the Anabar gulf there ( Laptevsee ; directly north of it) a. with Nordwikhalbinsel and wholesale Begichev Island (also centered) khatanga gulf (left), Byrranga Mountains ( Taimyr peninsula , upper left), Laptev Sea ( Arctic Ocean ; top right) and Olenjok -Mündung (right), on mapr49.narod.ru (with ups above sea level)

Web links

• Anabar and Anabar Plateau, on anabar.ru (Russian)