Cape gooseberry
| Cape gooseberry | ||||||||||||
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Cape gooseberry ( Physalis peruviana ), |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Physalis peruviana | ||||||||||||
| L. |
The Cape gooseberry ( Physalis peruviana ), according to the botanical genus name is often shortened Physalis , but also Andenbeere , Andean cherry and Peruvian Winter Cherry , rare Jews Cherry called, is a species of the genus of jujubes in the family of nightshade family (Solanaceae).
description
The Cape gooseberry is an annual or perennial, upright and herbaceous plant that reaches heights of about 0.5 to 2 meters. It has fine tomentose to tomentose hair, the trichomes are articulated and usually protrude at right angles from the ribbed stems .
The stalked, simple leaves have an egg-shaped leaf blade with a length of 5 to 15 centimeters and a width of 4 to 10 centimeters. The tip is often pointed to pointed, the base more or less heart-shaped. The leaf margin is completely or with a few irregular, larger teeth. Both the top and bottom are covered with adjacent, articulated trichomes, with the bottom and the areas on the main veins being slightly more hairy. The ribbed and hairy leaf stalks are 2 to 5 centimeters long. After the fruit ripens, the leaves fall off.
The five-fold, hermaphrodite flowers with a double flower envelope are up to 1.5 centimeters long and hairy flower stalks . They usually appear individually on the leaf axils. The very hairy calyx is bell-shaped at flowering time, 8 to 9 millimeters long and 4 to 6 millimeters wide at the base of the calyx teeth. The calyx teeth, which are keeled on the outside, are triangular in shape and about as long as the calyx tube. The yellow, cup-shaped overgrown and fine-haired and thickly and longer hairy, 10-fold crown has a length of 10 to 14 millimeters and is 12 to 15 millimeters wide and is translucent, purple-colored in front of the throat. The five short stamens consist of 2 to 4 millimeter long stamens and purple, 3.5 to 4 millimeter long anthers. The ovary is on top, with a stylus with a cephalic scar .
On the growing fruit, the calyx enlarges to a length of 3 to 4 centimeters and a diameter of 2.5 to 3 centimeters, like a lampion . It is softly haired, ten-ribbed or slightly ten-angular. It then dries out thin, brownish and papery to maturity. It contains a multi-seeded, yellow to orange, 12 to 20 millimeter long and 10 to 15 millimeter wide, smooth, shiny and egg-shaped to round berry . It stands on the everted flower axis , which reaches a diameter of 3 to 5 millimeters. The yellowish, flat and finely pitted seeds are about 2 millimeters in size and roughly rounded to elliptical.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 48.
distribution
The home of the Cape gooseberry is in South America ; their distribution area extends over Venezuela , Bolivia , Colombia , Ecuador and Peru . Outside of these areas it is often cultivated and is often found wild.
Systematics
Within the genus of the bladder cherries ( Physalis ), the Cape gooseberry is classified in the section Lanceolatae .
use
The Cape gooseberry is grown mainly in Africa , South America , India and on the Indonesian island of Java and is exported all over the world. Other growing countries are Australia , Kenya , New Zealand , the United States and southern France . The main harvest time is December to July. In Germany it is usually traded under the generic name Physalis . The fruits do not ripen after the harvest, they are classed as non-climacteric fruits . The fruits of the Cape gooseberries contain, among other things, vitamin C , B1 , provitamin A and iron . In terms of taste, Cape gooseberries - similar to pineapple - combine sweetness with distinct acidity; however, their aroma is independent and more intense than that of many other fruits. In Africa, the leaves of the Cape gooseberry are traditionally used as a plaster to treat wounds and different parts of the plant are used to treat diarrhea .
Nutrient content - vitamins and trace elements
| Nutritional table | Andean berries, raw content in 100 g |
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| Energy = 222 kJ / 53 kcal | Water = 85.40 g | Protein = 1.90 g | Fat = 0.70 g |
| Carbohydrates = 11.20 g | Calcium = 9 mg | Iron = 1.0 mg | Phosphorus = 40 mg |
| Vitamin C = 11.0 mg | Thiamine = 0.110 mg | Riboflavin = 0.040 mg | Niacin = 2.80 mg |
| Vitamin A = 36 µg |
Source: (in English) United States Department of Agriculture
Naming
The physalis has been known as the "Cape gooseberry" since Portuguese sailors brought the plant to South Africa, where it thrived and spread around the Cape of Good Hope .
The name "Jewish cherry" is derived from the shape of the surrounding lantern (the calyx), which in its shape and color is similar to the hats prescribed for Jews according to various dress codes, which in turn are derived from the Phrygian cap . These were common since the early Middle Ages.
In Spanish-speaking Latin America , no common name for the fruit has established itself. Instead, there are different names that differ from country to country or from region to region. In Peru , the Physalis is called aguaymanto after its name in Quechua , awaymantu , but also tomatillo , tomate silvestre (forest tomato), uchuba or upshanqu . In Colombia the names guchavo , guchuva , uchuva , uvilla or vejigón are common, in Bolivia chirto (from the Aymara ) and chupulí , in Chile also bolsa de amor (love bag ) and in Mexico cereza del Perú (Peruvian cherry).
In Hawaii , where Physalis Peruviana invasively forms thickets, the fruit is called Pohu , in Madagascar and the nearby Mascarene Islands it is called Pok Pok .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Eckehart J. Jäger, Friedrich Ebel, Peter Hanelt, Gerd K. Müller (eds.): Exkursionsflora von Deutschland . Founded by Werner Rothmaler. tape 5 : Herbaceous ornamental and useful plants . Springer, Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Berlin / Heidelberg 2008, ISBN 978-3-8274-0918-8 , pp. 450 .
- ^ A b Heinrich Marzell: Macleya – Ruta. Hirzel, Leipzig 1977 ( Dictionary of German Plant Names. Vol. 3).
- ↑ Physalis peruviana. In: Ecocrop. (Data sheet, English).
- ↑ Physalis peruviana from CABI, Invasive Species Compendium, accessed September 10, 2019.
- ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 820 .
- ↑ Physalis peruviana in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
- ^ Mahinda Martínez: Infrageneric Taxonomy of Physalis. In: M. Nee u. a. (Ed.): Solanaceae IV. Advances in Biology and Utilization. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew 1999, ISBN 1-900347-90-3 , pp. 275-283.
- ^ A b c Julia F. Morton: Cape Gooseberry. In: Julia F. Morton: Fruits of warm climates. Miami 1987, ISBN 0-9610184-1-0 , pp. 430-434.
- ↑ Grace Njeri Njoroge, Joan Wanjiku Kibunga: Herbal medicine acceptance, sources and utilization for diarrhea management in a cosmopolitan urban area (Thika, Kenya). In: African Journal of Ecology. 45, 2007, p. 67, doi : 10.1111 / j.1365-2028.2007.00740.x .
- ↑ Archived copy ( Memento of the original dated August 11, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Helmut Genaust: Etymological dictionary of botanical plant names. 3rd, completely revised and expanded edition, Nikol, Hamburg 2005, ISBN 3-937872-16-7 (reprint from 1996).
literature
- UT Waterfall: Physalis in Mexico, Central America and the West Indies. In: Rhodora. 69, 1967, pp. 82-120.
Web links
- Physalis peruviana at Useful Tropical Plants.
- Thomas Meyer: Gooseberry data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia ) .