Anedjib

Name of anedjib
	Cartridge name "Merbiape" in the Abydos list
	;
	;
Throne name	style = "text-align: center"
Greek Manetho variants:	; Africanus : Miebidos ; Eusebius : Niebais ; Eusebius, AV : Niebais

Anedjib , also Adjib , (actually Hor-anedj-ib or Hor-adj-ib ) is the Horus name of an ancient Egyptian king ( pharaoh ) of the 1st Dynasty ( early Dynasty ), who lived around 2910/2890 BC. BC and, like his predecessors, tried to innovate during his tenure.

The exact duration of his reign is unknown. In the Turin Royal Papyrus he is attested 74 years, in the Manethonic traditions 20 and 26 years of reign are noted. The Egyptology assessed both numbers far as exaggerations or misinterpretation of the original sources. Evaluations and reconstructions of the Annalenstein allow an estimate of about ten years of government.

Origin and family

It is generally believed that Anedjib was a son of his predecessor Den . He may have been married to Batiires , who is indicated on the Cairo stone as the mother of the successor Semerchet and thus as the possible wife of Anedjib. Nothing specific is passed on about descendants; Qaa is generally assumed to be a son.

government

Slate fragment depicting a statue of a king, on the left the name of Anedjib.

Slate fragment depicting a statue of a king, on the right the name of Anedjib

Anedjib supplemented the Den in conjunction of the double crown newly introduced throne name with the additional epithet "the two men" (Nebui). The additional title, which represented the two deities Horus and Seth each with a falcon standard , symbolized the regions of the red and white crowns at that time, which would later stand for Lower and Upper Egypt . With the appropriation of the Nebui title, the king had the important divine legitimation of the two deities with regard to his ruling office.

Towards the end of his reign, Anedjib noted the "first run of the Apis bull " as a ceremony. The conduct of the escort of Horus in connection with a regular two-year tax collection can, however, only be determined in the case of Anedjib's successors.

There is little information about the political situation in Anedjib's time. Although there are stone vessels on which a first and even a second Sed festival ( heb-sed ) are noted, the latest research has shown that all of the vessels originally belonged to his predecessor, King Den. Egyptologists suspect that Anedjib was already very old when he ascended the throne. In order to legitimize himself as heir to the throne and successor king , Anedjib moved the celebration of the Sed festival to that of the Sokar festival in the sixth year of reign. Wolfgang Helck also points out the peculiarity that in all Hebsed representations the entry Qesen , in English "misfortune", can be proven, which fills the ascension to the throne of the Hebsed pavilion. Similar to Peter Kaplony, Helck suspects illness or an internal disaster as the reason why the Hebsed festival for Anedjib was brought forward. Egyptology sees itself all the more confirmed in the fact that Anedjib may not have ruled for particularly long.

During the reign of Anedjib many were unusual cult - statues commissioned. Six different stone vessels show the unmistakable representations of standing statues, which show the king with different insignia .

The reign of the Anedjib also saw the founding of the new fortress of the gods Hor-nebu-chet ("Horus, golden of godhood") and the new royal residence Hor-seba-chet ("Horus, star of godhood"). In Memphis he built a new palace Hut-sa-cha-Hor ("protection around (gives) Horus"), which still existed in the Memphite period of the 2nd dynasty .

Plan of the tomb

dig

The Tomb of the Anedjib located in Umm el-Qa'ab at Abydos under the name Tomb X . It is the smallest of all Abydenean royal tombs and measures around 16.4 m × 9.0 m. The complex, which is surrounded by 64 secondary graves, consists of a grave room that is only separated by a transverse wall. A staircase leads from the east into the burial chamber.

In addition to the graves of Abydos, other tombs from Saqqara are dated to the time of Anedjib, here the numbers S 3507 ( Ser Inpu ) and S 3038 ( Nebitka ).

literature

Jürgen von Beckerath : Handbook of the Egyptian king names. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich / Berlin, pp. 46, 172, ISBN 3-422-00832-2 .
Jürgen von Beckerath: Chronology of the pharaonic Egypt. von Zabern, Mainz 1997, ISBN 3-8053-2310-7 .
Günter Dreyer : For the reconstruction of the superstructures of the royal tombs of the 1st dynasty in Abydos. In: Communications from the German Archaeological Institute, Cairo Department. (MDIAK) Vol. 47. von Zabern, Mainz 1991.
IES Edwards : Early history of the Middle East. (= The Cambridge ancient History. Vol. 1, Plate 2). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2006, ISBN 0-521-07791-5 .
Walter Bryan Emery : Egypt, Early History and Culture, 3200-2800 BC Chr. Goldmann, Munich 1964 (original title: Archaic Egypt. ).
Gérard Godron : Études sur l'Horus Den et quelquesproblemèmes de l'Égypte archaïque (= Cahiers d'orientalisme. Vol. 19). P. Cramer, Geneva 1990.
Wolfgang Helck : Investigations into the thinite age. In: Ägyptologische Abhandlungen. Vol. 45, Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 1987, ISBN 3-447-02677-4 .
Jochem Kahl : Inscriptional Evidence for the Relative Chronology of Dyn. 0-2. In: Erik Hornung, Rolf Krauss, David A. Warburton (eds.): Ancient Egyptian Chronology (= Handbook of Oriental studies. Section One. The Near and Middle East. Vol. 83). Brill, Leiden / Boston 2006, ISBN 978-90-04-11385-5 , pp. 94-115 ( online ).
Peter Kaplony : Adjib. In: Wolfgang Helck (Hrsg.): Lexikon der Ägyptologie (LÄ). Volume I, Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 1975, ISBN 3-447-01670-1 , Sp. 62-64.
Peter Kaplony: Inscriptions of the early Egyptian period. Volume III, Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 1963, ISBN 3-447-00052-X .
William Matthew Flinders Petrie , Francis Llewellyn Griffith : The royal tombs of the first dynasty: 1900. Part 1. (= Memoir of the Egypt Exploration Fund. Volume 18, ISSN 0307-5109 ). The Egypt Exploration Fund, London 1900, digitized .
Thomas Schneider : Lexicon of the Pharaohs. Albatros, Düsseldorf 2002, ISBN 3-491-96053-3 .
Rainer Stadelmann : The Egyptian pyramids. From brick construction to the wonder of the world (= cultural history of the ancient world . Volume 30). 3rd, updated and expanded edition. Philipp von Zabern, Mainz 1997, ISBN 3-8053-1142-7 .
Toby AH Wilkinson : Early Dynastic Egypt. Routledge, London 1999, ISBN 0-415-18633-1 .

Web links

Commons : Anedjib - collection of images, videos and audio files

Remarks

↑ Term of office: 20 years.
↑ ^a ^{b Term of} office: 26 years.

Individual evidence

^ Alan H. Gardiner: The royal canon of Turin . Picture panel 1; The presentation of the entry in the Turin papyrus, which differs from the usual syntax for hieroboxes, is based on the fact that open cartridges were used in the hieratic . The alternating time-missing-time presence of certain name elements is due to material damage in the papyrus.
↑ Years after Thomas Schneider : Lexicon of the Pharaohs. Albatros, Düsseldorf 2002, ISBN 3-491-96053-3 .
↑ Turin Kings List - Ancient Egypt Online. In: ancientegyptonline.co.uk. Accessed July 11, 2019 .
^ ^A ^b ^c Wolfgang Helck: Investigations on the thinite age . Wiesbaden 1987, p. 124.
^ IES Edwards: The early dynastic period in Egypt (= The Cambridge ancient history. Revised edition, 1,11). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1964, p. 31.
^ IES Edwards: Early history of the Middle East. Cambridge 2006, p. 27.
^ ^A ^b Nicolas-Christophe Grimal : A History of Ancient Egypt. Blackwell, Oxford UK / Cambridge USA 1992, ISBN 978-0-631-19396-8 , p. 53.
^ Siegfried Schott: Altägyptische Festdaten (= Academy of Sciences and Literature (Mainz, Germany) .; Treatises of the humanities and social sciences class. ). Verlag der Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur, Mainz 1950, p. 57.
^ Siegfried Schott: Ancient Egyptian festival dates . Mainz 1950, p. 58.
^ Toby AH Wilkinson: Early Dynastic Egypt . London 1999, pp. 275 & 276ff.
^ Toby AH Wilkinson: Early Dynastic Egypt . London 1999, pp. 78-79.
^ Stan Hendrickx, Barbara Adams, KM Cialowicz: Egypt at its origins: studies in memory of Barbara Adams - proceedings of the international conference "Origin of the State, Predynastic and Early Dynastic Egypt." (= Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta. No. 138) . Peeters Publishers, Leuven 2004, ISBN 90-429-1469-6 , p. 1137.
↑ Kaplony: LÄ I. Wiesbaden 1975, p. 62.

predecessor	Office	successor
The	King of Egypt 1st Dynasty	Semerchet

personal data
SURNAME	Anedjib
ALTERNATIVE NAMES	Adj-ib; Mer-bia-pe; Mer-ba-pen; Mer-reg-pen; Miebidos Miebis; Niebais
BRIEF DESCRIPTION	ancient Egyptian king of the 1st dynasty
DATE OF BIRTH	31st century BC BC or 30th century BC Chr.
PLACE OF BIRTH	Egypt
DATE OF DEATH	30th century BC Chr.
Place of death	Egypt

[A-2] Term of office: 20 years.

[B-3] {b Term of} office: 26 years.

[1] Alan H. Gardiner: The royal canon of Turin . Picture panel 1; The presentation of the entry in the Turin papyrus, which differs from the usual syntax for hieroboxes, is based on the fact that open cartridges were used in the hieratic . The alternating time-missing-time presence of certain name elements is due to material damage in the papyrus.

[4] Years after Thomas Schneider : Lexicon of the Pharaohs. Albatros, Düsseldorf 2002, ISBN 3-491-96053-3 .

[co-Turin_Ki-5] Turin Kings List - Ancient Egypt Online. In: ancientegyptonline.co.uk. Accessed July 11, 2019 .

[WoHe-6] A ^b ^c Wolfgang Helck: Investigations on the thinite age . Wiesbaden 1987, p. 124.

[7] IES Edwards: The early dynastic period in Egypt (= The Cambridge ancient history. Revised edition, 1,11). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1964, p. 31.

[8] IES Edwards: Early history of the Middle East. Cambridge 2006, p. 27.

[G50-9] A ^b Nicolas-Christophe Grimal : A History of Ancient Egypt. Blackwell, Oxford UK / Cambridge USA 1992, ISBN 978-0-631-19396-8 , p. 53.

[10] Siegfried Schott: Altägyptische Festdaten (= Academy of Sciences and Literature (Mainz, Germany) .; Treatises of the humanities and social sciences class. ). Verlag der Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur, Mainz 1950, p. 57.

[11] Siegfried Schott: Ancient Egyptian festival dates . Mainz 1950, p. 58.

[12] Toby AH Wilkinson: Early Dynastic Egypt . London 1999, pp. 275 & 276ff.

[13] Toby AH Wilkinson: Early Dynastic Egypt . London 1999, pp. 78-79.

[14] Stan Hendrickx, Barbara Adams, KM Cialowicz: Egypt at its origins: studies in memory of Barbara Adams - proceedings of the international conference "Origin of the State, Predynastic and Early Dynastic Egypt." (= Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta. No. 138) . Peeters Publishers, Leuven 2004, ISBN 90-429-1469-6 , p. 1137.

[15] Kaplony: LÄ I. Wiesbaden 1975, p. 62.