Anna Maria Schultheiss

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Antonio Canova shows Giovanni and Anna Maria Torlonia his design for "Hercules and Lichas" , 1811, Museo di Roma in the Palazzo Braschi

Anna Maria Marta Geltrude Schultheiss , also Schultheiß or Scultheis (born August 23, 1760 in Donaueschingen , Principality of Fürstenberg ; † November 4, 1840 in Rome ), was the daughter of a German- Roman saddler and merchant and was initially married to a Roman cloth merchant . Her second marriage in 1793 was Giovanni Raimondo Torlonia (1754–1829), a banker from a Roman family of cloth merchants. By its ennoblement in 1794 she became ancestor of the Roman noble family Torlonia , later with the title of duchess (duchessa Torlonia) . After her second husband's economic and social rise, she ran a salon in Rome and gave balls .

Life

Anna Maria was the daughter of the saddler and merchant Georg Schultheiß (~ 1710–1762), born in Mainz , who immigrated to Rome from Donaueschingen, and his wife Jacoba, née Fortis († 1807), who after the death of her husband with their children in their own house lived in Via del Corso 338. Anna Maria's brother Xaver (Xaverio) Nikolaus Schultheiss (1753–1808) was born in Rome and became a successful banker. His marriage to the Sienese Luigia Masotti resulted in three sons: Giovanni Battista (1785–1819, ⚭ 1811 with Giustina Brandi, daughter of Giacinto Brandi, steward of Pius VI. ), Mariano Federico (1790 – after 1829, ⚭ ~ 1826 with Giustina, widowed Schultheiss, née Brandi) and Luigi (* 1793).

Anna Maria married the Roman cloth merchant and banker Agostino Chiaveri († 1791) on November 14, 1779. From this marriage two sons were born, Agostino and Luigi Chiaveri (1783-1837).

Obelisk dedicated to Anna Maria Torlonia in the park of Villa Torlonia

On October 14, 1793, Anna Maria married the second marriage to the banker Giovanni Raimondo Torlonia, a business partner of her late husband. On March 17, 1794, at the instigation of Joseph Maria Benedikt von Fürstenberg , as his representative at the Holy See , Torlonia was raised to the hereditary nobility of the empire by Emperor Franz II . Pope Pius VII , a debtor of Torlonia, also conferred papal nobility on him in 1809 . Particularly in the phase of the Roman Republic and in the French times, Torlonia did profitable business and thus achieved immense wealth. In 1817 he founded the bank Banco Torlonia & Compagni . From 1806 he had the Villa Torlonia built by the architect Giuseppe Valadier . He also put on an important collection of ancient and contemporary art, he also renovated Roman churches, palaces, theaters and villas and had the Maxentius Circus uncovered. When he died in 1829, he left behind the largest private property in the Papal States and had cash assets of 35 million crowns .

Anna Maria contributed to the success of her husband through her social skills. She established social relationships that were also aimed at marrying off her children in the Italian old nobility, and supported her husband in building an outward-looking, demanding family image. She got involved in charitable and non-profit projects. In 1812 she appointed the French Empress Marie-Louise as patron and board member of the charitable "Société de la Charité Maternelle".

Her marriage to Torlonia had five children: Marino (1795–1865), Teresa (1797–1842), Carlo (1798–1848), Alessandro Raffaele (1800–1886) and Maria Luisa (1804–1883).

The grave monument of Anna Maria and her husband is located in the Torlonia Chapel of the Lateran Basilica . In memory of his parents, Anna Maria's son Alessandro had two classicist obelisks made from the end of the 1830s , brought from the granite quarries near Baveno over rivers and the sea to Rome and erected in the garden of Villa Torlonia in 1842. He dedicated one to his father and one to his mother. The dedication texts in Egyptian hieroglyphs come from the Egyptologist Luigi Ungarelli (1779–1845), an employee of Jean-François Champollion .

literature

  • Friedrich Noack : The Germanness in Rome since the end of the Middle Ages . Deutsche Verlagsanstalt, Stuttgart 1927, Volume 2, p. 541.
  • Friedrich Noack: The bank princes Torlonia. A contribution to the social and economic history of Rome in the 18th and 19th centuries . In: Vierteljahrschrift für Sozial- und Wirtschaftsgeschichte , Volume 18, Issue 1/2 (1925), pp. 201–223.
  • Ferdinando Papi: Elogio di donna Anna Maria duchessa Torlonia . Rome 1841 ( Google Books ).
  • Enrica Dionigi Orfei: Cenni biografici riguardanti la ducessa Anna Maria Torlonia . Rome 1840 ( Google Books ).
  • Giacinto De Ferrari: Orazione funebre di Donna Anna Maria duchessa Torlonia. Pronunciata nell'insigne tempio della pace li 20 novembre 1840 . Rome 1840 ( Google Books ).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Friedrich Noack gives Gius as the name of her first husband . Chiaveri (cf. Das Deutschtum in Rome since the end of the Middle Ages , Volume 2, p. 541).
  2. ^ Genealogical handbook of noble houses . Starke, 1998, p. 430
  3. ↑ Book of Arms . Bauer & Raspe, 1974, volume 24, p. 157
  4. ↑ Hans Königer (Ed.): Wilhelm Waiblinger. Works and letters . Volume 5.2: All the letters. Text criticism and commentary. Life chronicle . JG Cotta'sche Buchhandlung Nachhaben, Stuttgart 1985, ISBN 3-7681-9950-9 , p. 890 ( Google Books )
  5. ↑ Daniela Felisini: Alessandro Torlonia: The Pope's Banker . Palgrave Macmillan, Rome 2016, ISBN 978-3-319-41997-8 , p. 36 ( Google Books )
  6. ↑ The Torlonia Obeliscs , website in the portal andreagaddini.it , accessed on October 2, 2019
personal data
SURNAME Schultheiss, Anna Maria
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Schultheiss, Anna Maria Marta Geltrude (full name); Mayor, Anna Maria; Scultheis, Anna Maria; Torlonia, Anna Maria duchessa
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Daughter of a German-Roman saddler and merchant
DATE OF BIRTH August 23, 1760
PLACE OF BIRTH Donaueschingen , Principality of Fürstenberg
DATE OF DEATH November 4, 1840
Place of death Rome