Anne Marie d'Orléans

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Anne Marie d'Orléans as Queen of Sardinia, portrait by an unknown painter, 1720

Anne Marie d'Orléans (born August 27, 1669 at Saint-Cloud Castle , † August 26, 1728 in Turin ), called Mademoiselle de Valois during her youth , was a member of the French royal family from the House of Bourbon-Orléans . By marrying Viktor Amadeus II of Savoy , she was Duchess of Savoy , Queen of Sicily from 1713 to 1720 and then Queen of Sardinia .

Her stepmother, Liselotte von der Pfalz, described Anne Marie in her letters as "a real virtuous princess who has suffered a lot". In her 44-year marriage, she always put her own wants and needs behind those of her husband. She even learned to accept her husband's twelve-year-old extramarital liaison with Jeanne Baptiste d'Albert de Luynes , Countess of Verrua, without complaining.

Life

Anne Marie was born as the third daughter of Duke Philippe I d'Orléans and his first wife Henrietta Anne Stuart , the youngest daughter of King Charles I of England , in Saint-Cloud Castle. Her baptism took place on April 8, 1670 in the chapel of the Palais Royal in Paris. Anne Marie was not even a year old when she lost her mother. Her father then married Elisabeth Charlotte von der Pfalz , daughter of Elector Karl I. Ludwig , for political reasons in 1671 . The stepmother looked after Anne Marie and her older sister Marie Louise touchingly as if they were their own daughters. Under Elisabeth Charlotte's care and that of her uncle, King Louis XIV , Anne Marie received the courtly education of girls from her governess , the Marquise de Clérambault , which was then common for princely houses. It encompassed travel, especially in the domain, as well as languages, fine arts, horseback riding, needlework, singing, etiquette, dance, and genealogy . Until then, almost inseparable from her older sister, ten-year-old Anne Marie was hit very hard in 1679 when she was separated from her beloved sister by Marie Louise's marriage to Charles II of Spain .

Anne shortly before their wedding in 1684

Anne Marie bowed to the raison d'être and the will of her uncle when he arranged for her to marry Duke Viktor Amadeus II of Savoy. The connection was intended to bind the duchy more closely to the French crown and the plans of France. The fact that the 18-year-old bridegroom was initially reluctant to marry and only gave his consent after an extraordinarily long period of reflection shows very clearly that it was a marriage that was concluded purely for political reasons. The Gazette de France announced the planned connection between the two on January 28, 1684.

At the age of 14, Anne Marie was married per procurationem on April 10, 1684 in what was then the chapel of the Palace of Versailles . Anne Marie's cousin, the young Duke of Maine , represented the groom at the ceremony led by Cardinal Emmanuel Théodose de la Tour d'Auvergne , after the official engagement ceremony and the marriage contract had been signed the day before. In this, among other things, the handsome dowry of the young bride was recorded. It consisted of 900,000  livres contributed by her royal uncle and jewelry worth 60,000 livres from her father's possession. In addition, Anne Marie received 240,000 livres from her mother's dowry. In return, she undertook to waive any claims against her father and any rights arising from her mother's inheritance. The young bride received wedding gifts totaling 220,000 livres from the House of Savoy, including jewelry worth 80,000 livres alone.

Immediately after the wedding ceremony, Anne Marie, accompanied by selected ladies of honor from the French court, including Anne de Lorraine, princesse de Lillebonne, and Charlotte de Mornay, widowed Countess of Grancey, left for Savoy. On May 6, she arrived in Le Pont-de-Beauvoisin , a small town on the Guiers River , which marks the border between the Dauphiné and the Savoyard Duchy. There she met her husband personally for the first time. On the same day, the couple traveled on to Chambéry . The actual wedding of the two by Étienne Le Camus , the Bishop of Grenoble, took place in the chapel of the castle there .

The marriage had six children:

⚭ 1722 Anna Christine Luise von Pfalz-Sulzbach
⚭ 1724 Polyxena of Hessen-Rotenburg
⚭ 1737 Elisabeth Therese of Lorraine
  • Emmanuel Philibert (* / † 1705), Duke of Chablais

Since her daughter Maria Adelaide married the designated French heir to the throne and then mother of the future King Louis XV. Anne Marie became the grandmother of this king and ancestor of all French Bourbons of the older line up to King Charles X.

Anne Marie died in Turin at half past seven on August 26, 1728, the day before her 59th birthday. Her grave is in the Superga near Turin.

After the Stuarts in the direct male line died out in 1807, their descendants, beginning with their great-grandson Karl Emanuel IV, were viewed by the Jacobites as Jacobites pretenders to the throne. The claim arose from her maternal descent as the granddaughter of King Charles I of England.

literature

  • Severino Attilj: Le spose dei sovrani di Savoia: brevi cenni storico-biografici . Loescher, Rome 1893.
  • Comtesse de Faverges: Anne d'Orléans, première reine de sardaigne . A. Savaète, Paris 1901.
  • Gemma Giovannini: Le donne di Casa Savoia dalle origini della famiglia fino ai nostri giorni . Cogliati, Milan 1900, pp. 276-287 ( online ).
  • Maria Teresa Reineri: Anna Maria d'Orleans. Regina di Sardegna duchessa di Savoia . Centro studi piemontesi, Turin 2006.
  • Luisa Saredo: La regina Anna di Savoia, studio storico su documenti inediti . Unione Tipografico-Editrice, Rome [u. a.] 1887 ( online ).
  • Hugh Noel Williams: A Rose of Savoy. Marie Adelaide of Savoy, duchesse de Bourgogne, Mother of Louis XV . Charles Scribner's Sons, New York 1909, pp. 19-43 ( online ).
  • Amy Augusta Frederica Annabella, marchesa Nobili-Vitelleschi: The romance of Savoy. Victor Amadeus II and his Stuart bride . 2 volumes. Hutchinson, London 1905 (online: Volume 1 , Volume 2 ).

Web links

Commons : Anne Marie d'Orléans  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

References and comments

  1. ^ Wilhelm Ludwig Holland (ed.): Letters from Duchess Elisabeth Charlotte von Orléans from 1706 to 1715. Literarischer Verein Stuttgart, Tübingen 1871, p. 545 ( online )
  2. Anselme de Sainte-Marie : Histoire généalogique et chronologique de la maison royale de France, des pairs, grands officiers de la Couronne, de la Maison du Roy et des anciens barons du royaume . Volume 1, 3rd edition. Paris 1726, p. 188 ( online ).
  3. ^ AAFA, marchesa Nobili-Vitelleschi: The romance of Savoy , Volume 1, p. 132.
  4. ^ AAFA, marchesa Nobili-Vitelleschi: The romance of Savoy , Volume 1, p. 143.
  5. ^ AAFA, marchesa Nobili-Vitelleschi: The romance of Savoy , Volume 1, p. 163.
  6. ^ AAFA, marchesa Nobili-Vitelleschi: The romance of Savoy , Volume 1, p. 161.
  7. A very detailed account of the celebrations can be found in Alexandre Maral: La chapelle royale de Versailles sous Louis XIV. Cérémonial, liturgie et musique . Mardaga, Wavre 2010, ISBN 978-2-8047-0055-3 ( Mémoires et documents de l'École des chartes . Volume 67), pp. 335-337 ( online ).
  8. ^ Jean Baptiste René Robinet : Dictionnaire universel des sciences morale, économique, politique et diplomatique; ou Bibliothèque de l'homme-d'état et du citoyen . Volume 27. London 1782, p. 533 ( online ).
  9. The information regarding the wedding date fluctuates between May 6th and May 12th.
  10. Édouard Garnier: Tableaux généalogiques des souverains de la France et de ses grands feudataires . Herold Successeur, Paris 1863, panel LII ( online ).
  11. Victor Des Diguères: Familles illustres de Normandie. Étude historique et généalogique sur les Rouxel de Médavy-Grancey, dans les armées, à la cour et dans l'Église . Dumoulin, Paris 1870, p. 336 ( online ).
predecessor Office successor
--- Queen of Sicily
1713–1720
Elisabeth Christine of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel
--- Queen of Sardinia
1720–1728
Polyxena of Hessen-Rotenburg