Annona

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Annona
Prickly annone (Annona muricata)

Prickly annone ( Annona muricata )

Systematics
Subdivision : Seed plants (Spermatophytina)
Class : Bedecktsamer (Magnoliopsida)
Magnoliids
Order : Magnolia-like (Magnoliales)
Family : Annonaceous (Annonaceae)
Genre : Annona
Scientific name
Annona
L.

Annona (probably of Taíno annon and not from Latin Annona ) is a plant genus in the family of annonaceous (Annonaceae). About 175 species in the tropics and subtropics belong to it. Some of these species arecommercially significantas fruit-producing trees, such as the cherimoya , the prickly annone or the cinnamon apple .

description

Illustration of the net annone ( Annona reticulata )

Appearance and leaves

Annona species grow as evergreen to deciduous trees or shrubs . Often tap roots are formed and some species produce as mature trees buttress roots . The stiff branches are slender and stem-round. The lenticels are raised. The alternate arranged on the branches leaves are stalked. The leathery or membranous, simple leaf blade is hairy or bald or downy. Stipules are missing.

blossoms

The flowers are single or in bundles on inflorescence shafts that have bracts. The hermaphroditic, mostly three, rarely four-fold flowers have an intense, fruity smell. The raised flower base (receptacle) is convex to more or less spherical or elongated. The mostly three, rarely four sepals fall off early and are smaller than the petals. There are two circles with usually three, rarely four, mostly fleshy petals each. The inner petals are usually reduced. There are many stamens and many upper pistils .

Fruits and seeds

The egg-shaped to almost spherical, fleshy collecting fruits (Synkarp) are made of berries and have a very variable surface with a solid hull that in some species with soft spikes consisting of the styluses is provided occur. The seeds are egg-shaped to ellipsoid, bean-shaped with a hard seed coat .

Chromosome number

The basic chromosome number is x = 7.

Systematics

Cherimoya ( Annona cherimola )
Annona crassiflora
Water apple ( Annona glabra )
Ilama ( Annona macroprophyllata )
Annona monticola
Slime apple ( Annona mucosa )
Prickly annone ( Annona muricata )
Annona purpurea
Annona salzmannii
Annona senegalensis
Cinnamon apple ( Annona squamosa )
Annona sylvatica

The genus Annona was set up in 1753 by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum , 1, pp. 536-537. In 1911, Annona muricata L. from J. Wash. Safford at Acad. Sci. , 1, p. 119. An important processing of the genus took place in 1914 by William Edwin Safford in Classification of the genus Annona, with descriptions of new and imperfectly known species , Contr. US Natl. Herb. , 18, I-IX, pp. 1-68. Synonyms for Annona L. are: Guanabanus Mill. , Raimondia Saff. , Rollinia A. St.-Hil. , Rolliniopsis Saff.

There are about 175 Annona - types :

Hybrids:

Atemoya , a cross between cherimoya and cinnamon apple

use

The fruits are eaten raw or made into drinks and ice cream. The kernels of the annona fruit are used in Sri Lanka by children for a game similar to English football .

Acetogenins can be isolated from all parts of the plant . This class of substances is characterized by its insecticidal and anti-tumoral effect.

Annona senegalensis leaves are used in West Africa to provide relief from insect bites.

toxicology

The nerve poison annonacin contained in guanábana (spiny annonacin) appears to be the cause of a neurodegenerative disease that only occurs on the Caribbean island group of Guadeloupe and is probably related to the consumption of plants containing annonacin. It is a so-called tauopathy , which is associated with a pathological accumulation of the tau protein in the brain. Experimental results show for the first time that the plant neurotoxin annonacin is actually responsible for this accumulation.

swell

  • Robert Kral: Annonaceae. In: Flora of North America. Volume 3, 1997: Annona. In: Flora of North America. efloras.org, accessed May 25, 2015 (Description section).
  • Walter Erhardt u. a .: The big pikeperch. Encyclopedia of Plant Names. Volume 2. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5406-7 .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Annona at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av Annona in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
  3. ↑ Pierre Champy, Günter U. Höglinger, Jean Féger, Christophe Gleye, Reynald Hocquemiller, Alain Laurens, Vincent Guérineau, Olivier Laprévote, Fadia Medja, Anne Lombès, Patrick P. Michel, Annie Lannuzel, Etienne C. Hirsch, Merle Ruberg: Annonacin , a lipophilic inhibitor of mitochondrial complex I, induces nigral and striatal neurodegeneration in rats: possible relevance for atypical parkinsonism in Guadeloupe . In: Journal of Neurochemistry . tape 88 , no. 1 , 2004, ISSN  0022-3042 , p. 63-69 , PMID 14675150 .
  4. ↑ Myriam Escobar Khondiker (2007): Annonacin, a Natural Complex I Inhibitor of the Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain, causes Tau Pathology in Cultured Neurons

Web links

Commons : Annona  - collection of images, videos and audio files