Antique collection of the State Museum Württemberg
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The Antiquities Collection of the State Museum Württemberg is a sub-collection of the State Museum Württemberg . It includes objects from the so-called Classical Antiquity , ie from the cultures of the ancient Greeks , Etruscans and Romans as well as from Pharaonic and Greco-Roman Egypt. From the oldest find, a Cycladic idol , to finds from late antiquity , the collection spans a period of more than 2000 years. The Antikensammlung has been part of the exhibition “True Treasures. Ancient • Celts • Art Chamber ”shown in a newly designed presentation. The more than 600 objects from the Pharaonic era are on permanent loan in the Hohentübingen Castle Museum. Objects from the Provincial Roman Archeology of the State Museum are under the same supervision, but are exhibited in a different location and in a different context.
history
The antiquities collection began in the art chamber of the Dukes of Württemberg. In contrast to other royal houses, however, the people of Württemberg did not specifically collect classical antiquities in the 17th and 18th centuries. The earliest object to have entered the collection is a statuette of a Iupiter Dolichenus , documented in Stuttgart since 1679 , which was found in the port of Marseille . The real beginning of the systematic collection of ancient art began in 1828, when the poet Friedrich von Matthisson donated 60 vases to the art cabinet, most of which came from southern Italy . The vase collection in particular was subsequently expanded through donations and purchases: 1848 donation of 22 Greek vases from the estate of Jacob Linckh , 1867 purchase of the collection of the Dean Würth from Leipheim (including finds from Aquileia , Spalato and Pompeji ), 1894 purchase Colonel Wundt's collection ( Comburg ; Egyptian, Greek and Italian bronzes, vases, terracottas, smaller marble works), in 1894 the senior steward a. D. Baron Richard von Reischach 23 Greek vases. In the years 1898, 1901 and 1903, the Munich secret councilor Stützel donated their extensive, important private collection, partly together with the Munich councilor Bullinger. The vases, terracottas and gold jewelry came from very different regions. In 1902, like almost all German public collections of the time, the collection received so-called Schliemann doublets, duplicate items from the collection donated by Heinrich Schliemann in Berlin . In the case of Stuttgart it was the comparatively small number of 12 pieces. The gift from Ernst von Sieglin in 1907 was of particular importance . In addition to other collections in his home state of Württemberg and the Albertinum in Dresden , the collection of antiques at the Landesmuseum Württemberg received a significant part of this important and extensive private collection with the Sieglin collection.
In the Second World War can always be opened up much of the record of the collection was lost, so today is not how pieces arrived in the collection and where the finds were made. Occasionally names of donors appear in older records that can no longer be assigned today. Only a directory of the Stützel collection is preserved. The last big increase took place in 1959, when the Heinrich Scheufelen collection was acquired, which he in turn had acquired from the princes of Waldeck in 1928 . This was essentially put together by Prince Christian August von Waldeck . The bronze collection in particular was greatly expanded as a result of the acquisition. There is a catalog for the collection written by German Hafner , which is only available in typewritten form in Stuttgart and has not been published. In the 1960s and 1970s, gaps in the collection were specifically filled through acquisitions, in particular portraits of emperors were acquired. In 1997/98 and 2003, the Ernesto Wolf collection became one of the most important glass collections in the world, which also included antique glass. Due to the difficult situation on the art market, where the provenance of many pieces is unclear and the acquisition is therefore not permitted under international agreements, the museum sees this part of its collection as a closed area. In 1965 the complete inventory of ancient ceramics was published, from ancient Egyptian pieces to Cypriot works to Greek, Italian and Etruscan works. Only the imperial ceramics and the Schliemann doublets were not included in the volume. Later works have not yet been published in the Corpus Vasorum Antiquorum Germany . The terracottas and marble sculptures in the Sieglin collection are also published. Nina Willburger has been the curator of the Antikensammlung since 2003 .
Since 1886 the collection has been housed as part of the Royal State Collection of Patriotic Art and Antiquity Monuments in the basement of the State Library. In 1926 the collection of antiquities was given five rooms in the New Palace . After 1945, the Antikensammlung was initially inaccessible for a long time. Between 1974 and 1982 it could be viewed two days a week in the study room on the third floor of the Old Palace. Since 1986 there has been a permanent exhibition on the second floor of the palace, which was closed in 2010 for the redesign of the museum and reopened in 2016.
Collection and presentation
In the 2016 reorganization under the motto “True Treasures. Antiquity • Celts • Art Chamber ”is the collection of antiquities presented on the first floor of the Old Castle , divided into four areas:
- Faith, cult and the world of gods - religion in antiquity
- The world of the dead
- Status, power and self-expression
- Greece and Rome in Egypt - Ernst von Sieglin and his collection
Faith, cult and the world of gods - religion in antiquity
Like the other areas, the area of religion is primarily represented by collections of small art. Pieces from the field of ceramics and bronzes are predominant. Representations of deities from the Greeks, Etruscans and Romans as well as from the respective myths are shown. Divine equivalents from different cultures can be shown side by side in multiple ways, for example depictions of gods such as Zeus , Tinia and Jupiter . In the showcase for sports, a kylix with a representation of a disc thrower is shown, which was signed by Duris .
But today sculpture belong to the area, such as a small consecration relief of Cybele in the form of two Naïskoi . Three wall portraits from Boscoreale from around the year 50 show incidents from the Greek myth. Two Campana reliefs show the same motif and can thus clearly show their series production. A stone age hatchet bears a later Greek magical inscription .
The world of the dead
Outstanding pieces in this area are a finely crafted marble children's sarcophagus for a boy from around 220/230 and an anthropomorphic Etruscan urn with the associated limestone throne from the second quarter of the 6th century BC. A life-size statue of a Roman woman shows her in a chaste habit. Greek ceramics related to graves can be seen, including a white-ground lekythos, possibly designed by a triglyph painter , and a Hâdra hydria . Two golden death wreaths are among the most valuable pieces. Two large terracotta statuettes showing gladiators from the 1st or 2nd century showing a murmillo and a thraex are rare .
Status, power and self-expression
A central component of this part of the collection is the collection of portraits of Roman emperors. You can see portraits of Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus , Augustus , Livia , Tiberius , Nero Caesar , Claudius , Agrippina Minor , Nero , probably Galba , Nerva , Domitian , Hadrian , Vibia Sabina , Mark Aurel , Commodus , Septimius Severus , Julia Domna , Caracalla , possibly Fulvia Plautilla and Aurelian . The collection also houses a large cameo showing Marcus Aurelius and his wife Faustina .
Greece and Rome in Egypt - Ernst von Sieglin and his collection
The most valuable part of this part of the collection are the mummy portraits , of which the portrait of Eirene once again stands out. Further death masks made of stucco and plaster can also be seen. There are several figurines of the god Bes and four canopic jars .
literature
- Erika Kunze-Götte : Corpus Vasorum Antiquorum Germany 26. Stuttgart 1. CH Beck, Munich 1965.
- Ulrich Hausmann : Roman portraits. Württembergisches Landesmuseum Stuttgart / AW Gentner Verlag, Stuttgart 1975.
- Jutta Fischer : Greco-Roman terracottas from Egypt. The Sieglin and Schreiber collections. Tübingen Studies on Archeology 14, Wasmuth, Tübingen 1994.
- Volker Michael Strocka : Roman frescoes in the antique collection of the Württemberg State Museum. Württembergisches Landesmuseum Stuttgart, Stuttgart 1991, ISBN 3-8062-1010-1 .
- Nina Willburger : Evidence of Roman mummy decoration from Egypt. Ernst von Sieglin and his collection. In: Egyptian mummies. Immortality in the land of the pharaohs. Exhibition catalog of the Landesmuseum Württemberg. , Philipp von Zabern, Mainz 2007, ISBN N978-3-8053-3778-6.
- Ingrid Laube : Expedition Ernst von Sieglin. Sculpture of Hellenism and the Imperial Era from Egypt. The collections in Dresden, Stuttgart and Tübingen. Hirmer, Munich 2012, ISBN 978-3-7774-5691-1 .
- Nina Willburger: Real treasures. Antiquity. Landesmuseum Württemberg / Süddeutsche Verlagsgesellschaft, Stuttgart / Ulm 2016, ISBN 978-3-7995-1140-7 .
Web links
- Homepage of the Antikensammlung
- Collection at museum-digital Baden-Württemberg