Antimony (V) chloride

Structural formula
General
Surname	Antimony (V) chloride
other names	Antimony pentachloride; Antimony superchloride (obsolete);
Molecular formula	SbCl 5
Brief description	yellow liquid with a pungent odor
External identifiers / databases
EC number	231-601-8
ECHA InfoCard	100,028,729
PubChem	24294
ChemSpider	10613049
Wikidata	Q417103
properties
Molar mass	299.02 g mol −1
Physical state	liquid
density	2.358 g cm −3
Melting point	3.5 ° C
boiling point	79 ° C (at 29.3 mbar)
Vapor pressure	18.6 mbar (68 ° C)
solubility	decomposes in water with violent reaction; soluble in chloroform;
safety instructions
H and P phrases	H: 314-411
	P: 273-280-305 + 351 + 338-310
Toxicological data	1120 mg kg −1 ( LD 50 , rat , oral )
Thermodynamic properties
ΔH f 0	−438.5 kJ mol −1
	As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

Antimony (V) chloride is a chemical compound from the group of chlorides .

history

Antimony (V) chloride was first described by Heinrich Rose in 1825 . The crystal structure was clarified in 1959 by Stanley M. Ohlberg .

Extraction and presentation

Antimony (V) chloride can be obtained by reacting chlorine gas with molten antimony trichloride :

{\ displaystyle {\ ce {SbCl3 + Cl2 -> SbCl5}}}

properties

Antimony (V) chloride is a colorless to yellowish liquid that smokes in air and has an unpleasant odor. Under normal pressure , the compound evaporates from 140 ° C, where it begins to decompose from 70 ° C to chlorine and antimony trichloride. With a little water, the hydrates SbCl ₅ · H ₂ O and SbCl ₅ · 4H ₂ O are formed. With a lot of water, it decomposes with vigorous reaction.

{\ displaystyle {\ ce {SbCl5 + 4H2O -> H3SbO4 + 5HCl}}}

Antimony (V) chloride occurs as a monomer at -30 ° C and forms a trigonal bipyramid. It crystallizes in the hexagonal space group P 6 ₃ / mmc (space group no. 194) with the lattice constants a = 741.4 pm and c = 794.0 pm. The unit cell contains two molecules. At temperatures as low as −55 ° C, the double chlorine-bridged dimer Sb ₂ Cl ₁₀ with an edge-sharing double-octahedral structure is formed, which can be seen from a color change from yellow to orange. The enthalpy of dimerization is −7.5 kJ / mol (−1.8 kcal / mol). Template: room group / 194

use

Antimony (V) chloride is used as a chlorinating agent in organic syntheses; it is also a strong Lewis acid that abstracts chloride ions and forms the hexachloroantimonate ion. In thin-layer chromatography , an antimony (V) chloride solution in chloroform or carbon tetrachloride is used as the staining reagent.

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Entry on antimony (V) chloride in the GESTIS substance database of the IFA , accessed on February 1, 2016(JavaScript required) .
↑ Data sheet antimony (V) chloride (PDF) from Merck , accessed on July 6, 2010.
↑ Entry on Antimony pentachloride in the Classification and Labeling Inventory of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), accessed on February 1, 2016. Manufacturers or distributors can expand the harmonized classification and labeling .
^ AF Holleman , N. Wiberg : Inorganische Chemie . 103rd edition. Volume 1: Basics and main group elements. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / Boston 2016, ISBN 978-3-11-049585-0 , p. 952 (reading sample: Part A - Basics of the chemistry of hydrogen. Google book search ).
↑ Heinrich Rose: About the compounds of antimony with chlorine and sulfur . In: Annals of Physics and Chemistry . tape 79 , no. 4 , 1825, p. 441-454 , doi : 10.1002 / andp.18250790404 .
↑ Stanley M. Ohlberg: The Crystal Structure of Antimony pentachloride at -30 °. In: Journal of the American Chemical Society. 81, 1959, p. 811, doi : 10.1021 / ja01513a015 .
↑ ^a ^b Georg Brauer (Ed.), With the collaboration of Marianne Baudler u a .: Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry. 3rd, revised edition. Volume I, Ferdinand Enke, Stuttgart 1975, ISBN 3-432-02328-6 , p. 588.
↑ Haupt, Silvia: Pentahalides and oxide halides of the elements of the fifth main group . Dissertation, 2002.
↑ Entry on antimony chlorides. In: Römpp Online . Georg Thieme Verlag, accessed on April 21, 2014.

Web links

Visualization of the antimony pentachloride molecule

[GESTIS-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Entry on antimony (V) chloride in the GESTIS substance database of the IFA , accessed on February 1, 2016(JavaScript required) .

[2] Data sheet antimony (V) chloride (PDF) from Merck , accessed on July 6, 2010.

[CLP_100.028.729-3] Entry on Antimony pentachloride in the Classification and Labeling Inventory of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), accessed on February 1, 2016. Manufacturers or distributors can expand the harmonized classification and labeling .

[4] AF Holleman , N. Wiberg : Inorganische Chemie . 103rd edition. Volume 1: Basics and main group elements. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / Boston 2016, ISBN 978-3-11-049585-0 , p. 952 (reading sample: Part A - Basics of the chemistry of hydrogen. Google book search ).

[DOI10.1002/andp.18250790404-5] Heinrich Rose: About the compounds of antimony with chlorine and sulfur . In: Annals of Physics and Chemistry . tape 79 , no. 4 , 1825, p. 441-454 , doi : 10.1002 / andp.18250790404 .

[6] Stanley M. Ohlberg: The Crystal Structure of Antimony pentachloride at -30 °. In: Journal of the American Chemical Society. 81, 1959, p. 811, doi : 10.1021 / ja01513a015 .

[Brauer-7] Georg Brauer (Ed.), With the collaboration of Marianne Baudler u a .: Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry. 3rd, revised edition. Volume I, Ferdinand Enke, Stuttgart 1975, ISBN 3-432-02328-6 , p. 588.

[Haupt-8] Haupt, Silvia: Pentahalides and oxide halides of the elements of the fifth main group . Dissertation, 2002.

[9] Entry on antimony chlorides. In: Römpp Online . Georg Thieme Verlag, accessed on April 21, 2014.