Apopi I.

Name of Apopi I.
Horus name	-se-hetep-taui … s.ḥtp-t3wj that satisfies the two countries
Throne name	Aa-qen-en-Re ˁ3-qnj-n-Rˁ With great strength, a Re Aa-user-Re ˁ3-wsr-Rˁ With great power, a Re Heka-en-hut-waret-aa-user-Re Ḥk3-n-hw.t-wˁr.t-ˁ3-wsr-Rˁ ruler of Auaris , with great power, a Re Neb-chepesch-Re Nb-ḫpš-Rˁ Lord of clout, a Re
Proper name	Apopi Ippi
Greek for  Manetho	Apophis

Apopi I , also Apophis I , was an ancient Egyptian king ( pharaoh ) of the 15th Dynasty ( Second Intermediate Period ) and thus of the Hyksos period, which lasted from around 1590 to around 1549 BC. Ruled (Franke: 1574–1534 BC).

family

As relatives of Apopi, the women Tani and Tja'rudjet are known with the title royal sister . Their names are recorded on objects belonging to the ruler. A Harta is attested as the daughter of Apopis.

supporting documents

According to the Turin Royal Papyrus and Manetho , six rulers are named for the 15th dynasty . Since four other kings could be assigned by name, the majority of Egyptology assumes that there was only one king named Apopi, such as Jürgen von Beckerath and Detlef Franke , who assign all three throne names to the same Apopi.

With regard to the sequence of names, however, there are different assessments. Nicolas Grimal also sees the throne name Neb-chepesch-Re as a vassal king of the 16th dynasty and also assumes two different rulers named Apopi I and Apopi II during the 15th dynasty.

Jürgen von Beckerath follows Nicolas Grimal's assumption only rudimentarily and at most recognizes in the throne name Neb-chepesch-Re references to a vassal king in the 16th dynasty.

Proper name Apopi

Dagger with throne (Neb-chepesch-Re) and proper name (Apopi)

The proper name of Apopi is similar to Pepi as an ancient Egyptian nickname and appears together with Seqenenre in the Sallier I papyrus . Apopi is also attested in the Memphite priest family tree, on one of Sesostris III. usurped Sphinx , in a building inscription from Bubastis and on other monuments .

In addition, there was a sistrum in the crypt of the Hathor sanctuary in Dendera , which was donated by an "Apopi". The votive inscription "From Apopi to Re" is noted on a stone vessel.

Throne names

The throne name Neb-chepesch-Re is attested among other things on a dagger that Apopi gave to his follower Nahmann as well as on a scarab and on a vessel inscription.

The name Aa-qenen-Re is documented several times: on a sacrificial plate consecrated to the god Seth from Auaris as well as usurped inscriptions on the colossi of Emramescha and on a dagger and on mane sphinxes of Amenemhet III. from Tanis . The Horus name Se-hetep-taui is also on the sacrificial plate .

The oldest documented dating is the throne name Aa-user-Re (variant: Heka-en-hut-waret-aa-user-Re) in the Rhind papyrus from the 33rd year of his reign. Both the victory report of Kamose names King Apopi as also an architrave made of gels , vessels, scarabs and a writer's palette. According to Hans Goedicke , he is completely in the tradition of the Egyptians, as the Ebers and Smith papyri also date from his time.

Regency

According to the Royal Papyrus of Turin, Apopi ruled for at least 40 years, although the assignment of this entry to Apopi is only assumed, since the note "40 + x years" cannot otherwise be associated with any other Hyksos king. According to Manetho (Josephus), Apopi ruled for 36 years and seven months, according to Manetho (Africanus) even up to 61 years and according to another variant 14 years.

Apopi initially lived with the Theban princes of the 17th dynasty in coexistence under his suzerainty. A student manuscript from the 19th dynasty that has survived describes the beginning of the discord between King Apopi and Prince Seqenenre from Thebes : "The king in Auaris feels annoyed by the roar of the hippos in Thebes." (See also The dispute between Apopi and Seqenenre )

expulsion

Seqenenre fell fighting the Hyksos and his successor Kamose continued the fight. On his stele, he derided Apopi as “Prince of Palestine”, captured Neferusi near Hermopolis and besieged Auaris. However, he did not succeed in conquering the city and only Kamose's successor Ahmose took the city.

literature

• Darrell D. Baker: The Encyclopedia of the Egyptian Pharaohs. Volume I: Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty (3300-1069 BC). Bannerstone Press, London 2008, ISBN 978-1-905299-37-9 , pp. 58-60.
• Susanne Martinssen-von Falck: The great pharaohs. From the New Kingdom to the Late Period. Marix, Wiesbaden 2018, ISBN 978-3-7374-1057-1 , pp. 24–28.
• Richard Pietschmann : Apophis . In: Paulys Realencyclopadie der classischen Antiquity Science (RE). Volume II, 1, Stuttgart 1895, Col. 173 f.
• KSB Ryholt : The Political Situation in Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period (= Carsten Niebuhr Institute Publications. Vol. 20). Museum Tusculanum Press, Copenhagen 1997, ISBN 87-7289-421-0 , pp. 256-59, 385-87, file 15/5.
• Hermann A. Schlögl : Ancient Egypt. Beck, Munich 2008, ISBN 3-406-48005-5 .
• Thomas Schneider : Lexicon of the Pharaohs. Albatros, Düsseldorf 2002, ISBN 3-491-96053-3 , pp. 80-81.
• Thomas Schneider: The Relative Chronology of the Middle Kingdom and the Hyksos Period (Dyns. 12-17) . In: Erik Hornung, Rolf Krauss, David A. Warburton (eds.): Ancient Egyptian Chronology . (=  Handbook of Oriental studies. Section One. The Near and Middle East . Volume 83) . Brill, Leiden / Boston 2006, ISBN 978-90-04-11385-5 , pp. 168–196 ( online [accessed October 24, 2014]).

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c} Thomas Schneider: Lexicon of the Pharaohs . P. 80.
2. ^ Hermann A. Schlögl: The ancient Egypt . P. 382.
3. ↑ Nicolas Grimal: Histoire de l'Égypte ancienne . Fayard, Paris 1993, ISBN 2-253-06547-1 .
4. ↑ Georges Daressy: Un poignard du temps des rois pasteurs In: Annales du Service des Antiquités de la Égypte (ASAE), No. 7 . Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale, Cairo 1906, pp. 115-120 ; Image: p. 216 .

predecessor	Office	successor
Chajan	King of Egypt 15th Dynasty	Chamudi