Arnold Mallinckrodt

Arnold Mallinckrodt

Arnold Andreas Friedrich Mallinckrodt (born March 27, 1768 in Dortmund ; † June 12, 1825 there ) was a German writer, publisher and publicist in the Prussian Westphalia at the end of the 18th century .

Arnold Mallinckrodt, a member of the old Westphalian noble family of the Mallinckrodt family , was born in Dortmund as the third child. His ancestors belonged to the handicraft guild of the wall tailors and from the 16th century to the dignitaries of the free imperial city. His father Johann Dietrich Friedrich Mallinckrodt was a councilor in the city council of Dortmund , his mother a pastor's daughter. A younger relative of Mallinckrodt was the founder of the order, Pauline von Mallinckrodt .

Career

Mallinckrodt attended the Archigymnasium in Dortmund from 1778 to 1786 . After graduating, he first went to Halle (Saale) and after one semester to Jena . Here he studied law and camera studies . He also attended lectures on physics, mathematics, pedagogy and philosophy. So he got to know the world of thought of Kant and Schiller .

Political activity

After completing his doctorate, he returned to Dortmund, where he held legal and municipal offices. He became chairman of the hereditary estate , a political body of the city's landed bourgeoisie. He also became director of the city orphanage and in 1795 moved to the city council.

Dortmund was a Free Imperial City until 1803, when the city became an exclave to the Principality of Orange-Nassau . In 1806 Dortmund became a prefecture of the Ruhr department as part of the French Grand Duchy of Berg . Mallinckrodt continued to serve in the political administration and worked as a prefectural council under Baron Gisbert von Romberg I.

Politically, Arnold Mallinckrodt was an opponent of small states and advocated an annexation of the imperial city to Prussia. After Napoleon's victory over Prussia, he was delighted with the political upheaval and greeted the new rulers effusively. Like the majority of the bourgeoisie, he supported the abolition of the feudal system, the abolition of serfdom and the introduction of a uniform tax system.

In connection with the abolition of serfdom, he issued a decree on December 12, 1808 that the property of the previous serfs should pass into their possession. Resistance formed against this on the part of the nobility and lawsuits were initiated in which the peasants were mostly defeated in the first instances.

Mallinckrodt used his function as a high official and mobilized the emerging press for his concern to transfer ownership of their goods to the farmers. He also raised funds to send peasant embassies to the Napoleonic court. Thanks to Mallinckrodt's intercession, it was also possible to send a farmer from Westerfilde to Paris to present the matter there.

Napoleon finally issued an imperial decree on September 13, 1811. Here it was stipulated that, as soon as they could prove that they had been farming an estate for more than three generations, farmers were granted ownership rights to the goods. This decree was largely created through the influence of Arnold Andreas Friedrich Mallinckrodt.

Mallinckrodt then resigned from the public service in 1812. The reasons for leaving the administrative apparatus lay primarily in the discrepancy between the liberal, progressive Napoleonic legislation and its inadequate implementation in practice.

The publicist Mallinckrodt

After retiring from political service, Arnold Mallinckrodt devoted himself entirely to journalism.

Even while he was a councilor in Dortmund, he became a partner in the Mallinckrodt brothers' bookstore and, in addition to his legal profession, devoted himself to work as a publisher, local historian and political writer. His first work, entitled Attempt on the Constitution of the Imperial and Holy Roman Free City of Dortmund, dates from 1792.

From the spring of 1796 the magazine from and for Dortmund appears quarterly , which is renamed magazine for Westphalia one year later . From 1798 to 1809 the magazine appeared twice a week under the title Westfälischer Anzeiger . The subtitle of this weekly newspaper was

"Patriotic archive for the fastest possible dissemination of everything worth knowing and useful for human welfare, domestic and civic happiness in political and moral terms".

The Westfälische Anzeiger became the first important newspaper in Westphalia. In the years of its existence, more than 300 people, mainly clergy, lawyers, doctors and scholars have worked as authors for the newspaper. The authors included, for example, Ludwig von Vincke , Franz von Fürstenberg , Johann Friedrich Benzenberg and the theologian Johann Heinrich Brockmann . In 1805 the Anzeiger had a circulation of 1,188 copies, a considerable number at the time.

The newspaper was regarded as an important mouthpiece of liberalism and repeatedly advocated freedom of trade and commerce in the sense of Adam Smith as well as freedom of the press and freedom of expression .

Even under Napoleonic rule, the Westphalian Gazette was subject to censorship. In 1809 the publication of the paper was stopped for the first time due to differences with the Prefect Baron von Romberg.

From 1815, however, the newspaper appeared again and from 1817 was called the Rheinisch-Westfälischer Anzeiger .

In his struggle with the Prussian authorities, he came into conflict with the censors and was sentenced to two months' imprisonment. Mallinckrodt, however, never served the sentence. With his basic legal education, he insisted on his rights and was finally acquitted in the highest instance. His struggle for press freedom caused quite a stir in Germany.

In December 1818 he gave up the publication of the Westphalian Gazette and sold the newspaper, including printing and distribution. After attempting in vain to get a professorship in Jena and further journalistic activity at Rheinischer Merkur , Mallinckrodt then retired to private life at Gut Schwefe near Soest. He died on June 12, 1825 while visiting Dortmund. His grave is in Schwefe .

Mallinckrodt, along with Peter Florens Weddigen and Justus Möser, is one of the most important Westphalian publicists of this time.

Fonts

• Attempt on the constitution of the imperial and holy Roman empire freyen city of Dortmund. 2 vols. Dortmund 1795
• Dissertatio inauguralis de praescriptione servitutem extinctiva. Jena 1788
• Brief instruction on wills and their recording, according to the principles of Prussian law. Dortmund 1798
• Small contributions to practical life. Dortmund: Mallinckrodt 1815.
• Instruction of the peasant class about the rights conferred by His Imperial Majesty through the two ordinances of December 12, 1808 and September 13, 1811, and about their duties towards the previous lords of the court. 2nd edition Dortmund: Mallinckrodt
• Two reclamations on the basis of the imperial decree of March 28, 1812 for a body winner and a time winner. Dortmund: Mallinckrodt 1812.
• Defense speech of the previous Government and Prefactur Council Dr. Arnold Mallinckrodt. Dortmund: Mallinckrodt 12S. (StA Soest) - Consultation of the previous government and prefactur councils Dr. Arnold Mallinckrodt in Dortmund. Dortmund 1813.
• What to do about Germany, about Europe's rebirth. 2 vols. Dortmund: Mallinckrodt 1812–1814
• About the new documents that the owners of farms have to draw up. Dortmund: Mallinckrodt 1812.
• Is the repealed possession over the repealing [!] Law and over the [!] Emperor? Dortmund: Mallinckrodt 1812.
• Attempted draft of a basic state constitution for the states of Teutsche Stammes. Leipzig: Gleditsch 1814.
• Father Jakob, the farmer who has become rich. A house book for the peasant class. Dortmund 1814
• About the landlord and peasant legal relationships: the peasant class to his just King Friedrich Wilhelm III. ; with special consideration for the county of Mark and the province of Westphalia in general. Dortmund: Mallinckrodt 1816. ( Digitized edition of the University and State Library Düsseldorf )
• Comments on Germany's literature and book trade. Dortmund 1815, reprint in: Sources for the history of the book system 9, 1981
• Do right and shy no one. Appeal to the public against a public attack in relation to the legal relations of the peasant class. Dortmund: Mallinckrodt 1814.
• Appeal of the public to the public. Dortmund: Mallinckrodt 1817.
• Freyness of press, Prussia's keynote. Dortmund: Mallinckrodt 1817
• Objects of the time. Small contributions about the state constitution and state administration. Leipzig: Tippmanns 1817.
• A strange trial, in two files. Dortmund: Mallinckrodt 1818
• Outline of my lecture on practical business life. Dortmund: Mallinckrodt 1819
• An attack by the Prussian State Newspaper and a defense in files. A contribution to the history of time, especially to the administration in it. Jena: Braun 1819
• Eloquence, a need of our time, its worth and dignity. Weimar 1819
• Guide to lectures on German private law. Jena 1819
• About the treatment of German private law. Dortmund: Mallinckrodt o. J.
• About eloquence in general, and especially about spiritual, state, and judicial eloquence. Schwelm: Joke 1821. 340

literature

• Silvia Backs:  Mallinckrodt, Arnold. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 15, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1987, ISBN 3-428-00196-6 , p. 732 f. ( Digitized version ).
• August Döring:  Mallinckrodt, Arnold . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 20, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1884, pp. 141-143.
• Gustav Luntowski: Arnold Mallinckrodt (1768-1825), a representative of early liberalism in Westphalia, in: Contribution to Gesch. Dortmunds and Counties Mark 73, 1981;
• Gustav Luntowski: Arnold Mallinckrodt (1768-1825), in: Westfälische Lebensbilder Vol. 15, 1990, pp. 91-107
• Harm Klueting: Early liberalism and constitutionalism on the Rhine and in Westphalia. Arnold Mallinckrodts et al. Johann Paul Brewer's contributions to the constitutional discussion in d. prussia. Western provinces (1814–1820), in this: Nation - Nationalism - Postnation. Contributions to identity development d. Germans in the 19th and 20th centuries 20th century Cologne a. a. 1992,
• W. von Rüden: Fighter for law and freedom. Dr. Arnold Mallinckrodt - publisher in Dortmund, farmer in Schwefe, in: Heimatkalender des Kreis Soest 1998 (1997), pp. 46–47
• Thomas Schilp: Arnold Mallinckrodt (1768-1825). A representative of early liberalism in Dortmund, in: Heimat Dortmund 2, 1998, pp. 17-19.
• Oliver Volmerich: "The evil and foolish a horror". Arnold Mallinckrodt and the Westfälische Anzeiger , in: Heimat Dortmund. City history in pictures and reports, 2/2019, pp. 13–17.
• Luise von Winterfeld : Arnold Mallinckrodt, in: Heimatblätter. Monthly for the lower rhine-westf. Land 2, 1920/21
• Luise von Winterfeld: Arnold Mallinckrodt's thoughts on Germany and Europe's rebirth in 1814, in: Calendar for the Westphalian Mark 1925. Dortmund 1924

Web links

Commons : Arnold Mallinckrodt  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Wikisource: Arnold Mallinckrodt  - Sources and full texts

• Literature by and about Arnold Mallinckrodt in the catalog of the German National Library
• Online biography of Arnold Andreas Friedrich Mallinckrodt
• Arnold Andreas Friedrich Mallinckrodt in the Lexicon of Westphalian Authors

Individual evidence

1. ^ Gustav Luntowski: Arnold Andreas Friedrich Mallinckrodt. in http://www.lwl.org/westfaelische-geschichte/portal/Internet/finde/langDatsatz.php?urlID=1630&url_tabelle=tab_person