Beach aster

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Beach aster
Beach aster (Tripolium pannonicum) from Denmark

Beach aster ( Tripolium pannonicum ) from Denmark

Systematics
Euasterids II
Order : Astern-like (Asterales)
Family : Daisy family (Asteraceae)
Subfamily : Asteroideae
Genre : Tripolium
Type : Beach aster
Scientific name
Tripolium pannonicum
( Jacq. ) Dobrocz.
Tripolium pannonicum subsp. pannonicum : stem and leaf with hairs pressed on the outside
Tripolium pannonicum subsp. pannonicum : basket with broad skin-margined bracts
Tripolium pannonicum subsp. pannonicum : basket with hairy fruits
Beach aster ( Tripolium pannonicum ), illustration

The beach aster ( Tripolium pannonicum , syn .: Aster tripolium L.), also called salt aster and Pannonia salt aster , is a species of the sunflower family (Asteraceae). It is one of the very showy plant species on salt soils.

description

This annual or biennial herbaceous plant reaches heights of 15 to 150 cm and is hairless. The stem grows upright. It shows shallow grooves and often a reddish tint. The simple, linear, lanceolate, full-margined leaves are fleshy and only have fine eyelashes at the edge. At the bottom there are mostly non-blooming rosette shoots and leaves.

It blooms between July and September. In Doldentrauben or Doldenrispen many are basket-shaped inflorescences having a diameter of about 2 to 2.5 cm. The tongue-shaped, blunt bracts are 2 to 3 mm wide and pressed against the cup. The female outer ray florets are light blue-violet to light purple in color. The hermaphroditic inner tubular flowers are yellowish in color. The achenes have a pappus .

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 18.

ecology

Confusion with other species is hardly possible. Their flowers are pollinated by insects , but spontaneous self-pollination can also occur and is not uncommon. The achene fruits are spread by the water or the wind.

The beach aster has adapted to the salinity of its place of growth with various mechanisms. You succeed u. a. to get rid of excess salt by shedding older leaves in which large amounts of salt have accumulated. Young, receptive leaves are newly formed and take over the function of those that have been thrown off. This form of adaptation is included in the strategy of salt elimination, which in turn belongs to the group of salt-regulating mechanisms .

Biosystematics and Taxonomy

Beach aster ( Tripolium pannonicum ) from the Baltic Sea
Copy (from the internal clan Tripolium pannonicum subsp. Pannonicum )

There are two subspecies or varieties :

  • Tripolium pannonicum subsp. . var or tripolium (. eg Tripolium pannonicum subsp. tripolium (L.) Greuter ; Syn .: Tripolium pannonicum subsp. maritimum Holub , nom illeg..): This is it is a family which at the seashores West- and Northern Europe occurs.
  • Tripolium pannonicum subsp. or var. pannonicum : This clan occurs on saline soils inland and has a Pannonian distribution area that possibly extends into the Pontic - Siberian- Turkic region.

Occurrence

Their area extends from Europe and North Africa to the temperate zones of Asia.

The beach aster is a salt plant . It grows primarily on wet or periodically flooded salt marshes . There it usually inhabits the Andelwiesen area , which extends from the middle flood line up to 25 centimeters above it. Their growing areas are flooded here 150 to 220 times a year, the salt content of the soil is 26 to 30 percent. However, the beach aster also occurs on the edges of saline ditches, streams, rivers or in reed communities. It is considered a typical pointer plant of so-called inland salt spots . Furthermore, this plant species can also occur on the edge of salt or potash heaps. It is a character species of the class of the salt marshes (Asteretea tripolii). It is quite widespread on the coasts, while in the inland it occurs only rarely due to the low salt content.

Occurrence in Austria

In Austria, the Pannonia salt aster occurs frequently to scattered on salt soils in the Pannonian area in the colline altitude range . The occurrences are limited to the federal states of Burgenland (here especially the Seewinkel ), Lower Austria and, inconsistently, Vienna . In Austria the species is considered endangered.

Common names

In German-speaking countries, the following other common names are or were used for this plant species, sometimes only regionally : Starnkrud (am Dollart ), Strandstern ( Thuringia ), Suddek ( Weser estuary ), Sülte ( East Friesland , Oldenburg), Sältze (East Friesland, Oldenburg ), Sultje (Groen) and Züddek (Oldenburg).

literature

  • Eckehart J. Jäger, Klaus Werner (Ed.): Excursion flora from Germany . Founded by Werner Rothmaler. 10th edited edition. tape 4 : Vascular Plants: Critical Volume . Elsevier, Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Munich / Heidelberg 2005, ISBN 3-8274-1496-2 .
  • Steinbach's great plant guide , 2005, 2011 Ulmer-Verlag, ISBN 978-3-8001-7567-3

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 911 .
  2. ↑ Larcher: Ökophysiologie der Pflanzen , 6th edition 2001, Ulmer Verlag ISBN 3-8252-8074-8 , pages 344 f.
  3. ^ A b Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. Province of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 , p. 890 .
  4. ↑ Tripolium in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved February 22, 2018.
  5. ^ Hermann Remmert: Special ecology: terrestrial systems. Springer, Berlin a. a. 1997., ISBN 3-540-58264-9 , page 155
  6. ^ Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, page 50, online.

Web links

Commons : Strand-Aster  - album with pictures, videos and audio files