Alpine eyelid
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Alpine eyelid ( Athamanta cretensis ) |
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The Alpine eyelid ( Athamanta cretensis ), also known as the shaggy eyelid , is a species of the genus of the eyelids ( Athamanta ) within the umbelliferae family (Apiaceae). It is an old folk medicinal plant .
description
Vegetative characteristics
The Alpine eyelid grows as a perennial herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 10 to 40 centimeters. It gives off a spicy smell. The aboveground plant parts are densely hairy gray-green.
The leaves are triple pinnate, with 3 to 5 millimeters long and about 1 millimeter wide linear pinnate sections.
Generative characteristics
The flowering period extends from May to August. The double-gold inflorescence is flat with usually 6 to 12 (5 to 15) rays and one to four, rarely five bracts, which fall off early. There are numerous bracts, with a dry-skinned edge.
The hermaphrodite flowers are radially symmetrical and five-fold. The five petals are white. The two styluses are spread apart.
The densely bristled, gray-haired double achane is elongated, bottle-shaped or linear with a length of 6 to 8 millimeters.
The basic chromosome number is x = 11; there is diploidy with a chromosome number of 2n = 22.
ecology
The alpine eyelid is a scleromorphic, mesomorphic hemicryptophyte .
The nectar is offered openly. Typical pollinators are beetles , flies , hover flies , wasps, and medium-length bees .
Diaspore is the double issue.
Occurrence and endangerment
Athamanta cretensis is common in the Alps and from Spain to the northern Balkan Peninsula . It occurs in Spain, France, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, Liechtenstein, Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina and Albania. This lime-loving plant prefers rocks and debris fields as a location . Athamanta cretensis is a character species of the Athamanto-Trisetetum distichophylli from the Petasition paradoxi association in Central Europe in the Alps , but occurs in the Jura in the Drabo-Hieracietum of the Potentillion caulescentis association.
Athamanta cretensis occurs in Germany in the Alps scattered to moderately frequent and is very rare in the Swabian Alb . In the German Alps, the alpine eye-root grows according to Oberdorfer at altitudes of 775 to 2420 meters; In the Allgäu Alps, it rises in the Tyrolean part on the southern ridge of the Ellbognerspitze to an altitude of 2200 meters.
The alpine eyelid is not considered to be endangered in Germany or Bavaria , but in Baden-Württemberg it is classified in category 2 = highly endangered. It is not considered endangered in Switzerland .
Taxonomy
Athamanta cretensis was first published in 1753 by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum , 1, p. 244. Contrary to its botanical epithet cretensis , this species does not occur in Crete . Carl von Linné referred the generic name Athamanta to the son of the gods Athamas , the progenitor of the Athamans , who settled south of the range of this species in northwestern Greece .
Common names
In the German-speaking countries, the other common names Alpenaugenwurz ( Switzerland ), Bärwurz and Vogelnest are or were used for this plant species, sometimes only regionally .
swell
literature
- Xaver Finkenzeller, Jürke Grau: Alpine flowers. Recognize and determine (= Steinbach's natural guide ). Mosaik, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-576-11482-3 .
- Manfred A. Fischer, Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2005, ISBN 3-85474-140-5 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h Athamanta cretensis L., Shaggy eyelid. In: FloraWeb.de.
- ↑ a b c d e Athamanta cretensis L. In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora . Retrieved January 7, 2016.
- ↑ a b c Thomas Meyer: Augenwurz data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia ).
- ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 715 .
- ↑ a b c Alpine eyelid . In: BiolFlor, the database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany.
- ^ R. Hand (2011): Apiaceae. - In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Datasheet Athamanta
- ^ A b Michael Hassler, Bernd Schmitt: Flora of Germany - A picture database , version 3.40.
- ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 2, IHW, Eching 2004, ISBN 3-930167-61-1 , pp. 278-279.
- ↑ Athamanta cretensis at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed August 29, 2017.
- ^ Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, page 51, online.
Web links
- Athamanta cretensis agg., Species group eyelids. In: FloraWeb.de.
- Profile and distribution map for Bavaria . In: Botanical Information Hub of Bavaria .
- Gerhard Nitter: Profile with photos.
- Günther Blaich: data sheet with photos.
