Upright wood sorrel
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Upright wood sorrel ( Oxalis stricta ) |
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The Upright wood sorrel ( Oxalis stricta , including: Oxalis fontana Bunge or Oxalis europaea . Jord ) is an annual or short-lived perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the family of the sour clover plants (Oxalidaceae). The plant is native to North America and East Asia.
features
The plant becomes 10 to 40 cm high, the stem is upright and unbranched at first, later it branches out and becomes prostrate, but does not form roots on the stem. The upright wood sorrel has an underground rhizome . The 3-fold pinnate leaves are light green, up to 2 cm wide and shaped like shamrocks. The stem and leaves are hairy.
In contrast to the related wood sorrel Oxalis acetosella , which is a typical early bloomer, the flowers of the upright wood sorrel can be observed from April to October, i.e. almost over the entire vegetation period. The hermaphroditic flowers are two to five in zymose inflorescences or "in loose clusters" together. The 1 - 1.5 cm wide, five-fold, light yellow flowers are composed of five narrow sepals and five broad, oval petals . The fruit is a pentagonal capsule , it contains numerous brown or reddish brown, about 1 mm large seeds.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 18 or 24.
ecology
The Upright sorrel is usually annual, less often than rhizome - Geophyt enduring. In Germany, it is a neophyte that first appeared in Schleswig-Holstein in 1807 and in Bavaria in 1850.
The species is exceptionally drought-resistant, so uprooted plants root themselves again and individual leaves form roots in the water glass. The leaves are sensitive to impact and assume the daytime position even in the moonlight. The flowers are usually only open in the sun; mostly spontaneous self-pollination occurs .
The fruits are centrifugal fruits that can fly up to 4 m.
Location and distribution
The upright wood sorrel is native to East Asia and North America, where it is also found in forests. In China it grows in forests and canyons at altitudes of 400 to 1500 meters.
The upright wood sorrel can be found in Central Europe on nutrient-rich, but lime-poor, mostly fresh clay soils on the plains up to middle mountain areas. It can also be found in fields, on roadsides or in gardens and cemeteries.
In Central Europe it is a character species of the Chenopodio-Oxalidetum fontanae of the Polygono-Chenopodion association, but also occurs in other societies of the Polygono-Chenopodietalia order or the Aperion association.
use
The leaves, flowers and capsule fruits are edible, but the leaves contain a lot of oxalic acid , which removes calcium from the body .
Leaves, flowers and capsule fruits can be used in wild herb salads and as decoration. Lemonade and herbal tea are also made from the plant. The sap is used as a substitute for vinegar .
Various North American natives used the upright wood sorrel as food and medicine and obtained a yellow-orange dye by boiling the whole plant.
Puffiness is treated with plant extracts in wraps.
literature
- Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait. 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e Gunter Steinbach (Ed.), Bruno P. Kremer u. a .: wildflowers. Recognize & determine. Mosaik, Munich 2001, ISBN 3-576-11456-4 , p. 96.
- ↑ a b c Liu Quanru, Mark Watson: Oxalidaceae . In: ZY Wu, PH Raven (Ed.): Flora of China . tape 11 . Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis 2008, pp. 4 ( Flora of China ).
- ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 623.
- ↑ Wood Sorrel.htm ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Soortenbank.nl
- ↑ a b Plants for a future
- ↑ Oxalis stricta (Yellow Wood Sorrel) - Practical Plants .
- ↑ Moerman's Native American Ethnobotany Database ( Memento of the original from October 3, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
Web links
- Upright wood sorrel. In: FloraWeb.de.
- Profile and distribution map for Bavaria . In: Botanical Information Hub of Bavaria .
- Oxalis stricta L. In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora . Retrieved November 27, 2015.
- Distribution in the northern hemisphere according to: Eric Hultén , Magnus Fries: Atlas of North European vascular plants 1986, ISBN 3-87429-263-0
- Thomas Meyer: Data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia )
- United States Department of Agriculture: Profile For Oxalis Stricta
