Barnardia
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The Barnardia are a genus of plants within the asparagus family (Asparagaceae). Of its two species , one occurs in the Balearic Islands as well as in North Africa and the other in East Asia .
description
Appearance and leaves
Barnardia species grow as perennial herbaceous plants . This Geophyten form onions with one at the class of angiosperms ( angiosperms observable) tunic (jacket) as Überdauerungsorgane from. The leaves are in a basal leaf rosette . The simple leaf blades are linear to almost ovate and have parallel veins.
Inflorescences and flowers
The inflorescence presents a stem that grows terminally, without leaves and in the form of a grape and usually contains many flowers. The flowers are in the axilla of small, membranous bracts . The flower stalks are articulated.
The flowers are hermaphroditic and threefold. The bloom cladding sheets are six in number, equally shaped, free or briefly fused at their base and ascending to spread out. There are two circles with three stamens each. At the base or near the center of the bloom inserted stamens are widened a bit thin or toward base. The anthers are dorsifix and point inwards. The three pistils have become a top permanent ovary grown. Each ovary compartment contains only one to two ovules in the species Barnardia japonica or eight to ten ovules in Barnardia numidica . The thread-like stylus as part of the stamp ends in a small scar .
Fruits and seeds
The capsule fruit is parchment-like, loculicidal and spherical to obovate. The seeds are black and occasionally wrinkled.
Taxonomy
The genus Barnardia was first described by John Lindley in 1826 . Type species is Barnardia scilloides Lindl. The name is an alternative name ( synonym ) of Barnardia japonica (Thunb.) Schult for the taxon . & School f.
The generic name honors the former Vice Secretary of the Horticultural Society of London , the English zoologist and botanist Edward Barnard (1786 - 1861) .. As a synonym for Barnardia Lindl. becomes Simira Raf. cited
Systematics and phylogeny
The genus barnardia belongs to Subtribus Hyacinthinae from the tribe Hyacintheae in the subfamily of Scilloideae within the family Asparagaceae (asparagaceae). There are only two species of Barnardia that were previously classified in the genus Scilla and in the families Hyacinthaceae or Liliaceae.
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Barnardia japonica (Thunb.) Schult. & Schult. f. (Syn .: Barnardia scilloides Lindl. , Barnardia alboviridis (Hand.-Mazz.) Speta , Barnardia bispatha (Hand.-Mazz.) Speta , Barnardia borealijaponica (M.Kikuchi) Speta , Barnardia pulchella (Kitag.) Speta , Barnardia sinensis (Lour.) Speta ). With three varieties:
- Barnardia japonica var. Japonica : It occurs from China to the temperate zones of East Asia.
- Barnardia japonica var. Litoralis (Konta) MNTamura (Syn .: Scilla scilloides var. Litoralis Konta ): It comes on the Izu Peninsula before in Japan.
- Barnardia japonica var. Major (Uyeki & Tokui) MNTamura (Syn .: Scilla scilloides var. Major Uyeki & Tokui ): It occurs on Honshu and Shikoku.
- Barnardia numidica (Poir.) Speta (Syn .: Scilla numidica Poir. )
According to Ali et al. (2012), however, the two species are not closely related. This would result in two monotypical genera, with the consequence that a new genus would have to be established for Barnardia numidica .
distribution
The two Barnardia species, one in the Balearic Islands and North Africa and the other in East Asia : Barnardia japonica is widespread in the People's Republic of China , Taiwan , Japan , Korea and in eastern Russia's Far East ( Primorye region ); Barnardia numidica occurs in Formentera , Algeria , Tunisia and Libya .
literature
- Chen Xinqi (陈心启) & Minoru N. Tamura: Barnardia , p. 203 - the same text online as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (ed.): Flora of China , Volume 24 - Flagellariaceae through Marantaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2000. ISBN 0-915279-83-5 (Section Description, Distribution and Systematics)
- Syed Shujait Ali, Yan Yu, Martin Pfosser and Wolfgang Wetschnig: Inferences of biogeographical histories within subfamily Hyacinthoideae using S-DIVA and Bayesian binary MCMC analysis implemented in RASP (Reconstruct Ancestral State in Phylogenies). In: Annals of Botany, 109 (1), 2012, pp. 95-107. doi : 10.1093 / aob / mcr274 (here: p. 101).
- Franz Speta : Systematic analysis of the genus Scilla L. s. l. (Hyacinthaceae) . In: Phyton (Horn), 38 (1), 1998, pp. 1–141 free remote / PHY 38 1 0001-0141.pdf Online PDF; 29.7 MB .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f Chen Xinqi (陈心启) & Minoru N. Tamura: Barnardia , p. 203 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (ed.): Flora of China , Volume 24 - Flagellariaceae through Marantaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2000. ISBN 0-915279-83-5 .
- ↑ a b First publication scanned at biodiversitylibrary.org .
- ↑ Lotte Burkhardt: Directory of eponymous plant names . Extended Edition. Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, Free University Berlin Berlin 2018. [1]
- ^ Barnardia at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed April 12, 2013.
- ↑ Barnardia in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved April 12, 2013.
- ↑ a b c d e f Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Barnardia. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved July 29, 2018.
Web links
- Barnardia at the Pacific Bulb Society.
- Barnardia at the Bulb Society.