Rammenau Castle
The Rammenau Castle in Rammenau in Bischofswerda in the district of Bautzen is one of the best preserved baroque country castles of Saxony . The complex includes the courtyard of honor, cavalier houses, manor and park.
location
The complex of the baroque castle Rammenau is located on the northern edge of the municipality of Rammenau . This is located about 30 kilometers east-northeast of Dresden and about 20 kilometers west of Bautzen in the West Lusatian hills and mountains and is part of the West Lusatia landscape protection area . Wooded hills up to 450 meters high frame the place where several ponds were created in the Middle Ages . The castle is located near the Oberteich.
history
The Rammenau manor was first mentioned in a document in 1597. Its initial owners were von Ponickau , von Staupitz, von Kottwitz and von Seydewitz . In 1717 Ernst Ferdinand von Knoch, chamberlain to Augustus the Strong , bought the property from the latter, bankrupt family . From 1721 to 1731, Johann Christoph Knöffel had a two-storey baroque palace with outbuildings built from scratch and a baroque garden laid out behind it. Although Knoch owned seven manors, the construction costs for the magnificent complex exceeded his financial means. Before the interior was finished, he had to file for bankruptcy. The roof structure remained uncovered for years.
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In 1744 Franz Josef von Hoffmann bought the castle at auction. His inheritance came in 1749 from his nephew, the electoral secret councilor Johann Albericius von Hoffmann. They completed the castle. In 1758, during the Seven Years' War , the palace briefly served as the headquarters of the Prussian King Frederick the Great . In 1778 von Hoffmann was raised to the rank of imperial count as "von Hoffmannsegg" . His son, the botanist and entomologist Johann Centurius Graf von Hoffmannsegg , sold the Rammenau estate in 1794 to his brother-in-law, the Prussian Rittmeister Friedrich von Kleist . He had the interior of the palace changed in the classical style and the garden turned into an English landscape park. In 1820 Johann Centurius von Hoffmannsegg bought the castle back as his retirement home.
In 1879, the royal chamberlain and monastery bailiff in Marienstern, Hans Curt Christoph Ernst von Posern, acquired the estate from the von Hoffmannsegg family. His predilection for green furnishings was best known for the ballad Der Grüne Posern by Börries von Münchhausen (1920). His widow, born Freiin von Humboldt (1853–1914), married the general of the cavalry Eugen von Kirchbach . After her death, her daughter Margarete Gisela Gabriele Alexandra von Helldorff , née von Posern, took over the castle. During the First World War , the castle was also used as a hospital .
In 1945 the castle was occupied by the Red Army and the von Helldorff family expropriated as a result of the land reform in the Soviet occupation zone. From 1951 the Dresden Academy of Fine Arts used rooms in the castle as a summer studio and for school purposes. The museum began to be used in 1961 with the Fichte Museum , which was expanded in 1967 to include a section on the history of the castle. In 1968 the castle restaurant was opened. In 1972 the DEFA film from the life of a good-for-nothing with Dean Reed was filmed on the castle grounds .
Although the first restoration work began as early as 1948 and was carried out in the modest framework possible in the GDR , a comprehensive repair could only be carried out in the 1990s, after the Rammenau plant complete with castle, park and farm came into the possession of the Free State of Saxony and state Castle operation was.
The attachment
The palace complex can be reached through the two-story gatehouse with a baroque tower structure. The gatehouse is part of the farm or Meierhof , whose one-story buildings (formerly stables and storage) adjoin the gatehouse. The farm yard is closed off by two cavalier houses that lead to the Ehrenhof , the forecourt of the main building.
The castle is a two-story three-wing complex with a high mansard roof . The façades are structured towards the courtyard and the garden by central projections and flat pilaster strips . Gables and roofs have baroque decorative elements. Both from the courtyard and the garden, outside stairs lead over terraces into the house. A three-flight staircase with baroque shapes leads from a reception hall with cross vaults to the upper floor. The lobby and staircase show an illusionistic architectural painting.
The castle restaurant and some museum rooms are on the ground floor and the showrooms of the castle, which have largely been restored to their original state, are on the upper floor. As a result of the changes in use and remodeling at different times, baroque stucco ceilings can only be found in some rooms. However, the baroque sequence of rooms as well as the original floorboards have largely been preserved. The Chinese room with its wall paintings and rich stucco work in the style of Pillnitz Castle is an outstanding interior design from the Dresden Baroque period around 1730 ; the palace administration furnished it with suitable furniture from this period. The almost entirely preserved classicist wall paintings from the time of Mr. von Kleist around 1800 were characteristic of the interior of the palace: the Etrurian room , the Pompeian room (so-called "devil's room "), the golden room and the Humboldt room (until it was newly staged 2010 called "Jagdzimmer"). The center of the upper floor is the hall of mirrors , which extends over two floors . The stairwell was painted in late baroque style.
There is a five-hectare park behind the palace building. Since 1962 it has been named Fichte -Park after the German philosopher who was born in Rammenau and whose monument it also contains. Recently, however, it has mostly been called the palace park. In the park, designed as an English garden, in the design of which the agriculturally used surroundings were integrated through visual connections, there are rare plants, a pond with water features, a lake and, including the courtyard, numerous statues and putti .
The castle park is a contractual cooperation partner of the garden culture trail on both sides of the Neisse .
use
In addition to visiting the castle as a museum to demonstrate noble living and living in Saxony during the Baroque and Classicism periods, Rammenau Castle offers numerous other options. Thematic tours are carried out. There are regular concerts in the hall of mirrors and reading events in the garden hall.
There are also events outside the main building, such as special exhibitions in the Kavaliershaus -Ost or summer concerts in the park. Meetings, business and private celebrations take place in the rooms of the farm yard and the main building. The International Upper Lusatian Linen Days at the end of August have been a meeting of designers and artisans from numerous European countries on the subject of "All about linen" since the 1990s. The Rammenau castle tour of the horse-drawn carriage leads through the Upper Lusatian hill country at the beginning of June and has been taking place every two years since the 20th castle tour in 2017.
The gastronomy of the castle restaurant offers special, historically-oriented culinary events under the theme "Guest at the chambermaid".
- Views
View of the courtyard
The gatehouse
In the park of the castle
Stairwell with murals
Hall of Mirrors
Chinese room
Etrurian room
Golden room
Peacock room or so-called "Bulgarian" room
Pompeian or so-called "devil's room": wall motif
Humboldt room after reconstruction in 2011
literature
- Otto Moser: Rammenau . In: Markgrafenthum Oberlausitz , expedition of the album Sächsischer Rittergüter und Schlösser, Leipzig 1859, pp. 65–67 (Expedition of the Knightly Album Association: Album of the knightly estates and castles in the Kingdom of Saxony. Volume 3. Digital copy of the SLUB Dresden )
- Cornelius Gurlitt : Rammenau. The lock. In: Amtshauptmannschaft Bautzen (Part II). Meinhold, Dresden 1908, pp. 255–263 ( Descriptive representation of the older architectural and art monuments of the Kingdom of Saxony. Volume 32. Digital copy of the SLUB Dresden )
- Georg Dehio : Rammenau . In: Handbook of German Art Monuments. Central Germany. 2nd Edition. Berlin 1914. ( E-Text at Gutenberg.org )
- Andrea Hessler / Saxon State Ministry of Finance, Saxon Palace Administration (ed.): Saxon palaces, castles and gardens. Dresden 1994, pp. 9-16.
- Falk Lorenz: Park with many faces. Rammenau Castle Park. In: Ernst Panse (ed.): Park guide through Upper Lusatia. Lusatia Verlag, Bautzen 1999, ISBN 3-929091-56-9 , pp. 80-83.
- Roswitha Förster: Baroque Rammenau Castle. Edition Leipzig, Berlin 2002, ISBN 3-361-00551-5 .
- Sabine Schneider: Classicist room decoration in Rammenau Castle. In: Mitteilungen des Landesverein Sächsischer Heimatschutz, Issue 2/2005, pp. 48–53.
- Falk Dießner: Ernst Ferdinand von Knoch and the Baroque Rammenau Castle. About the rise and fall of a noble family from Anhalt-Saxon. Sax-Verlag, Markkleeberg 2009, ISBN 978-3-86729-049-4 .
- Sven Taubert: The restoration of the Humboldt room 2010/11 - To regain a classicist room interior in Rammenau Castle. In: State Palaces, Castles and Gardens of Saxony 2010/2011, Yearbook, Volume 17, ISBN 978-3-942422-87-1 , pp. 168–174.
- Sven Taubert: Hans Lillig and Schloss Rammenau, on the documentation and restoration of a classicist room interior 1918 and 2010/2011 , In: The Zittauer painter Hans Lillig (1894–1977), editor: Zittauer Geschichts- u. Museumsverein 2014, ISBN 978-3-944560-04-5
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Digital historical place directory of Saxony
- ↑ Schlossarchiv.de
- ↑ Helmut Petzold: The old Fritz in Rammenau in Das Rammenauer Brevier , 1988, Museum Barockschloss Rammenau in collaboration with the Fichte Circle of Friends
- ↑ Ernst Heinrich Kneschke in New General German Adels Lexicon , Volume 4, p. 414
- ↑ From the Tree Book of Family von Kleist
- ↑ Book of Ballads by Börries von Münchhausen , new edition of the Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt 1963
- ↑ Börries von Münchhausen: The green poser. In But what was alive , Ed .: Liselotte Greife, Mohland Verlag, 2000, ISBN 3-932184-58-0
- ↑ Börries von Münchhausen: Der Grüne Posern , in: Das Balladenbuch des Freiherrn Börries von Münchhausen , Stuttgart: Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt 1924, pp. 222–225.
- ↑ Homepage garden culture path on both sides of the Neisse, members and cooperation partners , accessed on June 4, 2018
- ^ Regine and Andreas Mikus: Rammenauer Castle Tour. Freizeit-Reitverein "Hufnagel" eV, accessed on June 2, 2019 .
Coordinates: 51 ° 9 '32.7 " N , 14 ° 7' 42.1" E