Mountain pea

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Mountain pea
Mountain pea (Lathyrus linifolius)

Mountain pea ( Lathyrus linifolius )

Systematics
Eurosiden I
Order : Fabales (Fabales)
Family : Legumes (Fabaceae)
Subfamily : Butterflies (Faboideae)
Genre : Flat peas ( Lathyrus )
Type : Mountain pea
Scientific name
Lathyrus linifolius
( Reichard ) Bassler

The mountain flat pea ( Lathyrus linifolius (Reichard) Bässler , Syn .: Lathyrus montanus Bernh. ) Is a plant species in the subfamily of the butterflies (Faboideae).

description

illustration
Detail of the flowers

Appearance and leaf

The mountain flat pea is a perennial herbaceous plant with a thin, rounded, nodular base axis from which the bulbous, swollen runners emerge. The whole plant is bare. The stem is prostrate, ascending or upright, 15 to 40 cm long, simple or branches below, thin, with two distinct wings and with these about 3 to 4 mm wide.

The leaves are 5 to 7, shorter or longer than the stalk internodes, have 2 or 3 pairs of leaflets and a narrowly winged spindle that usually ends in a distinct awning tip. The leaflets are usually elongated-elliptical to lanceolate, rarely broadly elliptical or linear, about 2 to 5 cm long and 3 to 8 mm wide, pointed or rounded and short-pointed and equipped with 3 to 7 weak, networked longitudinal nerves. They are matt on both sides, cloudy dark green on top and lighter bluish green on the underside.

The stipules are more or less as long to twice as long as the petioles, semi-arrow-shaped, about as wide as the leaflets, with mostly short auricles and often weakly serrated.

The mountain pea varies particularly in the width and length of the leaflets.

Inflorescence and flower

It blooms from April to June and it often blooms again in autumn. The racemose inflorescences are about as long to almost twice as long as the leaves, have a thin, mostly curved axis and 3 to 5 flowers about 11 to 15 mm long . These sit on 2 to 4 mm long stems in the axils to form small scales of stunted bracts . The calyx is bell-shaped, somewhat sagging on the back, overflowing with purple or purple-brown, and has broad, lanceolate teeth. The lower ones are about as long as the tube and much longer than the upper ones. The crown is light purple, more or less greenish at the base, light blue to greenish when withering and turns slightly rusty red when drying. The flag has an almost circular, sharply erected plate. The shuttle is bent up almost at right angles.

Fruit and seeds

The legumes are almost stalk-round, about 3 to 4 cm long and 4 to 5 mm wide, beaked short, smooth, ripe leather-brown to black-brown in color and about 10-seeded.

The seeds are almost spherical, smooth and colored ocher to reddish yellow.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 14.

ecology

The mountain pea is a rhizome - geophyte and a hemicryptophyte .

As the flowers fade, they change color from light purple to light blue to greenish, and when dry they even turn a little rusty red. This color change is associated with a decrease in nectar production . It used to be assumed that insects capable of learning would recognize the connection and therefore avoid older flowers, but the lower number of flower visits could also be related to the increasingly easier fall of the aging corolla.

Fruits developed in the soil ripen there; this is called earth fruitiness or geocarpy .

Distribution and location requirements

Lathyrus linifolius is common in Europe and North Africa. There are sites in northern Algeria, Spain, Portugal, France, Belgium, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Italy, the former Czechoslovakia , the former Yugoslavia , Hungary, Poland, Albania, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Finland , Estonia , Lithuania and Latvia . Lathyrus linifolius occurs in Europe , especially in the western and central parts. It is a little rarer to the east, as is the north of the Iberian Peninsula .

Lathyrus linifolius is quite common in Central Europe. In Germany (especially in Bavaria) this common pea species is quite common. However, it is absent in the northwestern lowlands and largely south of the Danube.

The mountain flat pea usually grows in herds in heaths and rough meadows, in light, acidic oak forests or oak-beech forests, on the edges of forests and in light forests. It usually prefers lime-poor to lime-free soil. In terms of plant sociology, it is an order character of the Quercetalia roboris in Central Europe, but also occurs in higher altitudes in the violion caninae or polygono-trisetion.

Taxonomy

The first publication took place in 1782 under the name ( Basionym ) Orobus linifolius by Johann Jacob Reichard in Hanauisches Mag. , Volume 5, p. 26. The new combination to Lathyrus linifolius (Reichard) Bässler was in 1971 Manfred Bässler in Feddes Repertorium , Volume 82, 6, P. 434 published. Synonyms for Lathyrus linifolius (Reichard) Bässler are: Lathyrus montanus Bernh. , Orobus tuberosus L.

  • The mountain pea in its most common form, the Lathyrus linifolius var. Montanus

  • The variety Lathyrus linifolius var. Linifolius shows distinctly narrow, linear leaflets

  • Broadly elliptical to egg-shaped leaflets are found in the form Lathyrus linifolius var. Montanus f. obtusifolius

use

The sweetish, somewhat chestnut-like tasting, astringent -looking rhizome tubers were previously used against diarrhea , bleeding and ulcers. In Scotland they are said to have been crushed, fermented with yeast and made into an alcoholic drink. They were also eaten dry in High Scotland and are said to have served as travel provisions. The Gaelic name carra-Meille (lit. "Honey nodes") or cairmeal refers etymologisch to another sweet plant, namely the calamus ( Acorus calamus ), and forms the basis for the word together with this caramel .

literature

  • Gustav Hegi, H. Gams, H. Marzell: Illustrated flora of Central Europe. Pteridophyta, Spermatophyta . 2nd Edition. Volume IV. Part 3: Angiospermae: Dicotyledones 2 (5) (Leguminosae - Tropaeolaceae) . Carl Hanser and Paul Parey, Munich and Berlin / Hamburg 1964, ISBN 3-489-70020-1 (unchanged reprint from 1923-1924 with addendum).
  • Konrad von Weihe (ed.): Illustrated flora. Germany and neighboring areas. Vascular cryptogams and flowering plants . Founded by August Garcke. 23rd edition. Paul Parey, Berlin / Hamburg 1972, ISBN 3-489-68034-0 .
  • Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi (Hrsg.): The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg . 2nd expanded edition. tape 2 : Special part (Spermatophyta, subclass Dilleniidae): Hypericaceae to Primulaceae . Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1993, ISBN 3-8001-3323-7 .
  • Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald, Raimund Fischer: Excursion flora of Austria . Ed .: Manfred A. Fischer. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart / Vienna 1994, ISBN 3-8001-3461-6 .
  • Christian Heitz: School and excursion flora for Switzerland. Taking into account the border areas. Identification book for wild growing vascular plants . Founded by August Binz. 18th completely revised and expanded edition. Schwabe & Co., Basel 1986, ISBN 3-7965-0832-4 .
  • Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora . With the collaboration of Theo Müller. 6th, revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1990, ISBN 3-8001-3454-3 .
  • Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait . 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  617 .
  2. ^ A b Lathyrus linifolius in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved April 4, 2015.
  3. ^ Lathyrus linifolius at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed April 4, 2015.

Web links

Commons : Mountain Pea ( Lathyrus linifolius )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files