Mountain fireweed

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Mountain fireweed
Mountain fireweed (Epilobium montanum)

Mountain fireweed ( Epilobium montanum )

Systematics
Rosids
Eurosiden II
Order : Myrtle-like (Myrtales)
Family : Evening primrose family (Onagraceae)
Genre : Willowherb ( epilobium )
Type : Mountain fireweed
Scientific name
Epilobium montanum
L.

The mountain fireweed ( Epilobium montanum ) is a species of the evening primrose family (Onagraceae). It is widespread from Europe to East Asia .

description

Illustration from Flora Batava , Volume 5
blossom

The mountain willowherb is a perennial herbaceous plant that reaches heights of 10 to 80 centimeters (usually around 40 centimeters). The above-ground parts of the plant are only slightly hairy. The leaves are only short stalked, the middle ones are almost sessile. The simple leaf blade is 4 to 10 inches long and 1 to 4 inches wide.

Fruit opened with four fruit flaps and seeds with silky-haired appendages for wind propagation ( anemochory )

The flowering period extends from June to September. The hermaphroditic flowers are about 10 millimeters in diameter and are fourfold with radial symmetry. The bracts are pale pink in color. The corolla tube is relatively long. The flowers petals are 6 to 10 millimeters long. The scar is clearly four-lobed. The seeds are ellipsoidal and about 1 millimeter long.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 36.

ecology

From an ecological point of view, these are homogamous, upright "small funnel flowers". Mostly self-pollination takes place ; the flower visit by flies and butterflies is only sparse.

The mother plant dies in autumn , wintering takes place through underground renewal shoots , so-called sobolones . There is a peculiar seasonal dimorphism, which means that there are not only autumn and spring germs but also plants that have arisen from sobolones.

Occurrence

The distribution area of ​​the mountain willowherb stretches from south-western Europe to Siberia .

The mountain willowherb is quite common at the edges of forests , in clearings and in bushes even in inner cities in gardens and parks. It prefers nutrient-rich soils and is a shade-partial shade plant. Phytosociological it is in Central Europe a weak characteristic species of epilobio-Geranietum robertiani (Association Alli Arion) is coming, but also in Atropetalia companies or in disturbed Fagetalia companies. In the Allgäu Alps, it rises to an altitude of 1700 meters.

Taxonomy

The first publication of Epilobium montanum was in 1753 by Carl von Linné . The specific epithet montanum means "growing on the mountain".

Common names

For the mountain willowherb the other German-language trivial names Brandgras ( Silesia ), Goaskiechl ( Zillertal ), Graskiechl (Zillertal), hedge salad ( Eifel near Ulm ) and loosestrife (Silesia) exist or existed .

literature

  • Werner Rothmaler: Excursion flora for the areas of the GDR and the FRG. Volume 2: Vascular Plants, 14th Edition. People and knowledge, Berlin 1988, ISBN 3-06-012539-2 .
  • Otto Schmeil , Jost Fitschen, Werner Rauh: Flora of Germany and its adjacent areas. 84th edition. Quelle & Meyer, Heidelberg 1968.
  • Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany . Ed .: Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (=  The fern and flowering plants of Germany . Volume 2 ). Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 .
  • Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait . 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 .
  2. ↑ a b Epilobium montanum in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved August 2, 2015.
  3. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 2, IHW, Eching 2004, ISBN 3-930167-61-1 , p. 247.
  4. ^ Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, page 140. ( online ).

Web links

Commons : Mountain Fireweed ( Epilobium montanum )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files