Bilz sanatorium

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The Bilz Sanatorium or Bilz 'Natur-Heilanstalt was the naturopathic sanatorium of Friedrich Eduard Bilz in Oberlößnitz (today Radebeul ) in Saxony , led from 1905 by his son Alfred Bilz . The property has been a monument of architecture since 1979 , today as a whole a cultural monument . The three spa houses have been converted into a residential complex.

Former Bilz sanatorium: on the right, Lössnitz Castle (Kurhaus II), in the middle, Kurhaus I, on the left, Kurhaus III

description

Bilz sanatorium in front of a wooded vineyard

The actual property of the Bilz-Sanatorium (today Eduard-Bilz-Straße 53, formerly at the address Strakenweg 86) up to the Mäuseturm in the east, including the former park area (vineyard) over the edge of the slope on Wahnsdorfer Flur in the north as well as the fence, applies as a historical conservation entity . The buildings, which are also protected as individual monuments in Eduard-Bilz-Straße, mainly consist of the three spa houses; Kurhaus IV was added to these at Augustusweg 110. The Bilzbad was also part of the sanatorium.

In the massive enclosure in front of the inner courtyard between the spa buildings there is a "representative portal system."

Kurhaus I

Former Bilz sanatorium, Kurhaus I

The first and oldest spa house was built in an existing classicist villa, the narrow side of which faces Eduard-Bilz-Straße and thus the long side towards the valley. The two-story house has a hipped roof with dormer windows. In its eleven-axis view of the valley, it has a three-axis dwelling in the middle with a triangular gable; In front of these three window axes there is a veranda, below with massive columns, on the two floors above made of wood. The renovation was carried out in 1892 by the architect Carl Käfer . There is a terrace in front of the house, which is partially supported by a substructure towards the valley.

On the mountain side to the north there are more recent additions. In 1921, a dining room was added to Kurhaus I. It was built by the master builder Alwin Höhne .

Kurhaus II (Lößnitz Castle)

The Kurhaus II, built in the Swiss style east of Kurhaus I, is described in the separate article Schloss Lössnitz .

Kurhaus III

Former Bilz sanatorium, Kurhaus III

Kurhaus III was the bath house. It is located north of the mountain wing of Kurhaus II, tilted by about 45 ° on a north-west-south-east axis, which means that the building runs along the steep slope there. The facade of the elongated, three-storey building thus faces south-west.

On a quarry stone basement there are three tower-like, single-axis risalits, each of which is adjoined by a two-branched back. All three risalites show a red brick facade and support a tent-roof-like structure that protrudes far; the one in the middle risalit is larger because it originally carried a roof lantern. An outside staircase leads to this central, more prominent risalit, as the entrance door is located there. Above this, wooden balconies emphasize the tower.

The two lower floors of the reserve are brightly plastered with red ornamental bricks. The second floor stands out on beam heads: It consists of timber framework that is filled with yellow bricks.

Kurhaus IV

The also listed Kurhaus IV (also Haus Bilz ) is located on the property further east in Augustusweg 110, the Jägerberg .

Vineyard / spa park

Outdoor pool in the former Bilz-Kurpark
Remnants of a bowling alley

The park areas that are now wooded (the converted vineyard property on the Albertsberg , see Haus Albertsberg ) of the sanatorium are located north of the building and east of Eduard-Bilz-Straße and the street ; they are part of the cultural monument entity. Many of the pathways from Bilz's time still exist in the forest, and the remains of massive table tennis tables and bowling alleys can still be seen in photos. Of the small buildings, a deck hall from 1907 is said to still exist in the forest.

These green areas and small parts of the landscape west of the Straken and the ravine to the west belong to the 115 hectare fauna-flora-habitat area Lößnitzgrund and Lößnitzhang ( Natura 2000 area, EU registration no .: DE4847304, state no .: 159); these “west-exposed slope areas on the Bilzturm ” form sub-area 3 (“Oberlößnitz-West”). This sub-area 3 also belongs to the Lößnitz landscape protection area .

At the foot of the steep ascent to Wahnsdorf as well as in the Straken are the springs of the Straken spring system . The Straken spring water now runs openly through the forest and collects in an open basin above the former sanatorium building.

Mouse tower

The ruinous artificial tower ruin standing above the spa buildings on the slope edge has its own article with the mouse tower .

Bilzbad

The Bilz'sche light-air-bath in Oberkötzschenbroda with the undosa wave machine, which is still functional today, has its own article Bilzbad .

history

Bilz sanatorium, entire complex around 1900. Jägerberg on the right.
Walkways and recreational buildings below the Mouse Tower (1908)
Worry-free house , 1909. At the top right the Bilz sanatorium with advertising in the mountains and the mouse tower

In 1889, after the success of his Bilz book, Bilz moved to Dresden , then in 1890 to Oberlößnitz, now part of Radebeul. There he had bought the property of the Viennese privateer Richard Strubell on a section of the Albertsberg vineyard above Haus Albertsberg in September 1890 , in order to set up a "sanatorium for natural living and healing" in accordance with his naturopathic teachings. To this end, in 1892 he had a small sanatorium (later Kurhaus I) set up in the existing classicist villa for initially 15 patients, he turned the wash house into a bathing room, the cowshed became a men's bath and the Mäuseturm observation tower at the top became an excursion point. In September 1892, the authorities issued an operating license for 15 patients. The first sanatorium doctor was the Radebeul doctor Julius Hermann Päßler, because Bilz himself did not have a license to practice medicine.

As this building quickly became too small, Bilz applied for a new building next to the existing Kurhaus I in December 1893. After the building permit had been granted in November 1894, he left the four-storey Kurhaus II ( Lössnitz Castle ) to the east for 70 in 1895 Make beds; the construction inspection took place in September 1895. In the same year the single-storey ice house, a building with two gables and a brick structure, was built on the western property boundary. In 1895 he also bought the Jägerberg property to live there (Villa Bilz).

From 1896 the bathhouse (Kurhaus III), located to the north behind Kurhaus II, was built. The building application dates from April of that year. In October, the authorities issued a penalty order for 100 marks or 10 days in prison, since the building work had already been completed on the day of the building permit. The building inspection took place in January 1897. Several other fines were imposed in the course of the years of construction, as Bilz often began building its numerous smaller properties before the approval was granted.

In 1898/1899 the manor house on the nearby Jägerberg was put into operation as Kurhaus IV, so that at the turn of the century there were 150 beds. The plans for an even larger, castle-like sanatorium building by the architects Max Herrmann from Radebeul and Conrad Baum from Dresden were not implemented. During these years the assistant doctor Anna Fischer-Dückelmann acquired her practice as a later independent naturopathic doctor .

In addition, Bilz had hundreds of fruit trees planted on a total of 7.5 hectares of land, 20 air huts as well as open reclining halls and viewing pavilions, several sports facilities as well as water games and walking paths built. From 1905 the Bilzbad was added with the Undosa wave machine built in 1912 .

Bilz's treatment method relies on the self-healing powers of humans, supported by natural means. Air cures, massages, water applications or movement therapies should help treat diseases of the respiratory and digestive organs, metabolism and nervous system, as well as urological, gynecological and dermatological diseases, among other things.

According to Päßler, the medical management was taken over by respected physicians and naturopaths such as Eugen Bilfinger , Otto Wagner and Paul Aschke, whose listed villa is within walking distance of the Bilz sanatorium. In 1905, Bilz handed the management over to his son Max Alfred Bilz .

Friedrich Eduard Bilz died on January 30, 1922 in his hometown and was buried near his friend Karl May in the Radebeul-Ost cemetery. With his death, the eldest son Arthur Ewald Bilz , who had previously managed the Bilz publishing house , also took over the management of the sanatorium, which, however, was increasingly struggling with economic difficulties. With Ewald Bilz's death in 1941, the youngest, Willy Johannes Bilz , who had managed the Bilz-Bad until then, was also to take over the sanatorium.

This did not happen because the Wehrmacht seized the Bilz sanatorium and rededicated it as a reserve hospital. In 1945 it was confiscated by the Red Army and largely demolished. In 1946 it became the seat of the finance school of the state of Saxony. From 1953 to 1991 the former Bilz sanatorium was the boarding school of the "Edwin Hoernle" institute for teacher training . From 1960 the remaining property was in state ownership.

Today the listed property is privately owned and the buildings have been converted into residential complexes.

literature

Web links

Commons : Bilz-Sanatorium  - collection of pictures

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Volker Helas (arrangement): City of Radebeul . Ed .: State Office for Monument Preservation Saxony, Large District Town Radebeul (=  Monument Topography Federal Republic of Germany . Monuments in Saxony ). SAX-Verlag, Beucha 2007, ISBN 978-3-86729-004-3 , p. 107–108 and enclosed map .
  2. ↑ Ordinance of the Landesdirektion Dresden to determine the area of ​​community importance "Lößnitzgrund and Lößnitzhang" ( memento of the original from August 26, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed June 8, 2012.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.revosax.sachsen.de
  3. ↑ Overview map of the Habitats Ordinance with the drawing of the area , accessed on June 8, 2012.
  4. ^ Large district town of Radebeul (ed.): Directory of the cultural monuments of the town of Radebeul . Radebeul May 24, 2012, p. 14 (Last list of monuments published by the city of Radebeul. The Lower Monument Protection Authority, which has been based in the Meißen district since 2012, has not yet published a list of monuments for Radebeul.).

Coordinates: 51 ° 6 ′ 39 "  N , 13 ° 40 ′ 36.5"  E