Boris Petrovich Sheremetev

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Boris Petrovich Sheremetev

Boris Petrovich Sheremetev ( Russian Борис Петрович Шереметев , scientific transliteration Boris Petrovič Šeremetev ; * April 25th July / May 5,  1652 greg. In Moscow ; † February 17 jul. / February 28,  1719 greg. Ibid) was a field marshal of the Russian army under Peter the Great in the Northern War .

Life

At the age of thirteen he was made a servant. For his services in the suppression of the First Strelizan Uprising , Sheremetev was the first in Russia to be raised to the rank of Russian Count and thus temporarily belonged to the boyar class until it was abolished at the beginning of the 18th century. He took part in the negotiations with King John III. Sobieski of Poland , on the peace treaty of 1686 , and with Emperor Leopold I on an alliance treaty. After his return to Russia, Sheremetev was given command of the armed forces in Belgorod and Sevsk , he was supposed to protect the national border from attacks by the Crimean Tatars . The service far from Moscow allowed Sheremetev to stay out of the struggle for power between the Tsar's daughter Sofia and Peter I. In 1695 he took part in the Tsar's First Azov Campaign. In 1697 and 1698 he undertook a diplomatic trip to Rome and Malta on behalf of Peters .

In the Northern War 1700–1721 he showed himself to be a successful general who enjoyed the full confidence of Peter I. After the defeat at Narva , Sheremetev was sent to the eastern Baltic states. In 1701 he defeated the Swedes under General Schlippenbach in the Battle of Erastfer and in the battle near Hummelshof . For this he was awarded the Order of St. Andrew and the rank of General Field Marshal.

In 1703 he took the cities of Wolmar , Marienburg and Nöteborg (Schluesselburg), in 1704 the city ​​of Tartu . When taking Marienburg ( Livonia ), he captured Martha Skawronskaja, the maid of the evangelical pastor Ernst Glück . This was later than I. Catherine Empress of Russia . Sheremetev led in the decisive battle of Poltava on June 27th July. / July 8, 1709 greg. , the center of the Russian army. In 1710 he conquered Riga . In 1711 he was commander in chief of the Russian army in the Russo-Ottoman War .

In 1712 he asked Peter I for permission to become a monk of the Kiev Pechersk Lavra . He was denied this. For the joint campaigns with the Prussian king against Sweden, Sheremetev led the Russian expeditionary corps in Pomerania and Mecklenburg in 1715 . In 1717 he returned to Moscow, where he died after a serious illness.

In his last will, Boris Sheremetev had asked to be buried in the Kiev-Pechersk Lavra. However, Peter I ordered him to be buried in the Alexander Nevsky Monastery .

literature

  • Hartwig Ludwig Christian Bacmeister : Description of the trip of Count Boris Petrowitsch Sheremetew to European countries , St. Petersburg, Leipzig and Riga, 1773
  • Gerhard Friedrich Müller / Christian Bacmeister (translator): Biography of Field Marshal General Count Boris Petrovich Sheremetew , Hartkoch, St. Petersburg, Leipzig, Riga 1789
  • Eduard von Tiesenhausen : The conquest of Livonia by the Imperial Russian General-Field Marshal Count Sheremetjew in 1710 , 1856, ( digital copy )

Web links

Commons : Boris Petrovich Sheremetev  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

See also