Bristle umbels

Bristle umbels
	Fruit cluster of the burdock chervil ( Torilis arvensis )
Systematics
	Asterids
	Euasterids II
Order :	Umbelliferae (Apiales)
Family :	Umbelliferae (Apiaceae)
Subfamily :	Apioideae
Genre :	Bristle umbels
Scientific name
	Torilis
	Adans.

Knotty burdock chervil ( Torilis nodosa )

The bristle umbels or burdock chervil ( Torilis ) are a genus of plants within the umbelliferae family (Apiaceae), the fruits of which are covered with spines or bristles.

description

They are one to two-year-olds, rarely perennial outside of Europe, with one to two-pinnate or pinnate leaves . The end sections are lanceolate to elongated and deeply pinnately toothed or lobed. Like all plants, the leaves are usually short and pressed, but with rough hairs.

The flowers are in loose to dense, terminal or axillary double umbels . Bracts and bracts are missing or very few. The petals are tinged with white or sometimes pink.

The rounded, egg-shaped or elongated fruits are flattened on the sides with a narrow joint surface. They are covered with spines or bristles, which are rough with 20 to 50 µm high papillae and, in most species, have a hook-shaped curve at the tip.

Systematics and distribution

The genus Torilis was established in 1763 by Michel Adanson . Synonyms for Torilis Adans. are Chaetosciadium Boiss. and Lappularia Pomel .

The genus Torilis belongs to the subtribe Torilidinae from the tribe Scandiceae in the subfamily Apioideae within the family Apiaceae .

The range of the genus Torilis includes Eurasia , Africa , the New World and New Zealand . Of the around 20 species of torilis worldwide, around ten species are found in Europe . In Germany there are three types: field chervil ( Torilis arvensis ), common chervil ( Torilis japonica ), and gnarled chervil ( Torilis nodosa ).

There are around 20 species of torilis :

Torilis africana Spreng. (Syn .: Torilis arvensis subsp. Heterophylla ( cast. ) Thell. , Torilis arvensis subsp. Purpurea ( Ten. ) Hayek ): It iswidespreadin the Mediterranean region and in Western Asia eastwards to Afghanistan .
Burdock chervil ( Torilis arvensis (Huds.) Link ): The range includes Western and Central Europe, the Mediterranean, Western and Central Asia and tropical Africa. There are three subspecies:
- Torilis arvensis (Huds.) Link subsp. arvensis
- Torilis arvensis subsp. neglecta (Spreng.) Thell.
- Torilis arvensis subsp. recta jury
Torilis chrysocarpa Boiss. & CIBlanche : The home is Lebanon , Iraq and western Iran .
Torilis elongata (Hoffmanns. & Link) Samp. (Syn .: Torilis arvensis subsp. Elongata (Hoffmanns. & Link) Cannon ): It is widespread in southern Europe, the Middle East and North Africa.
Torilis gaillardotii (Boiss.) Drude : The homeland is Israel and Syria .
Common burdock chervil ( Torilis japonica (Houtt.) DC. ): It is widespread as a ruderal plant in Eurasia .
Torilis leptocarpa (Hochst.) CCTowns. : The home is Anatolia , Syria, Iraq and Iran.
Torilis leptophylla (L.) Rchb. f. : It iswidespreadin Southern Europe, North Africa and in Western Asia eastwards to Pakistan .
Torilis nemoralis (Brullo) Brullo & Giusso : It occurs only in Sicily .
Knotty burdock chervil ( Torilis nodosa (L.) Gaertn. ): It is widespread in Western and Central Europe , Macaronesia , the Mediterranean region and in Southwest and South Asia .
Torilis pseudonodosa Bianca (Syn .: Torilis webbii Jury ): It is widespread in southern Europe, North Africa and the Middle East.
Torilis scabra (Thunb.) DC. : It is common in the People's Republic of China , Japan and Korea .
Torilis stenocarpa C.C. Townsend : It is endemic to northeastern Iraq.
Torilis stocksiana (Boiss.) Koso-Pol. : It is distributed from Azerbaijan and Transcaucasia east to Pakistan and south to the Arabian Peninsula .
Torilis tenella (Delile) Rchb. f. : It iswidespreadin the eastern Mediterranean and in Western Asia to western Iran.
Torilis trichosperma (L.) Spreng. (Syn .: Chaetosciadium trichospermum ( L. ) Boiss. ): It iswidespreadin the Middle East from Syria to the Sinai Peninsula .
Torilis triradiata Boiss. & Hero. : The home is Anatolia .
Torilis ucranica Spreng. : It is widespread in Eastern and Southeastern Europe as well as in Turkey.

swell

literature

Rolf Wisskirchen, Henning Haeupler: Standard list of fern and flowering plants in Germany. With chromosome atlas . Ed .: Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (= The fern and flowering plants of Germany . Volume 1 ). Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1998, ISBN 3-8001-3360-1 , p. 524-525 .
John Francis Michael Cannon: Torilis L. In: TG Tutin, VH Heywood, NA Burges, DM Moore, DH Valentine, SM Walters, DA Webb (Eds.): Flora Europaea . Volume 2: Rosaceae to Umbelliferae . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1968, ISBN 0-521-06662-X , pp. 371–372 (English, limited preview in Google Book Search).
Georg Philippi: Torilis. In: Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi (eds.): The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg . tape 4 : Special part (Spermatophyta, subclass Rosidae): Haloragaceae to Apiaceae . Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1992, ISBN 3-8001-3315-6 , pp. 247-250 .

Individual evidence

↑ Michel Adanson: Familles des Plantes. Volume 2, Vincent, Paris 1763, p. 99 ( digitized version ).
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s Ralf Hand: Apiaceae. : Torilis In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Berlin 2011.
↑ Torilis in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved May 26, 2014.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d She Menglan (佘孟兰 Sheh Meng-lan), Mark F. Watson: Torilis. In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China . Volume 14: Apiaceae through Ericaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2005, ISBN 1-930723-41-5 , pp. 28 (English, online ).
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h D. Peev: Torilis. In: Karl Heinz Rechinger (Ed.): Flora Iranica. Flora of the Iranian highlands and the surrounding mountains. Volume 162: Umbelliferae (main volume ). Akademische Drucks- und Verlagsanstalt, Graz 1987, pp. 121–130.

^ ^A ^b David Heller, Chaia Clara Heyn: Conspectus Florae Orientalis. An Annotated Catalog of the Flora of the Middle East. Fascicle 7. Cornaceae - Umbelliferae (Apiaceae). The Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Jerusalem 1993, ISBN 965-208-107-8 .

Web links

Commons : Bristle umbels ( Torilis ) - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Map with all linked sites: OSM | WikiMap

[Adanson-1] Michel Adanson: Familles des Plantes. Volume 2, Vincent, Paris 1763, p. 99 ( digitized version ).

[Euro+Med-2] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s Ralf Hand: Apiaceae. : Torilis In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Berlin 2011.

[GRIN-3] Torilis in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved May 26, 2014.

[FoC-4] She Menglan (佘孟兰 Sheh Meng-lan), Mark F. Watson: Torilis. In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China . Volume 14: Apiaceae through Ericaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2005, ISBN 1-930723-41-5 , pp. 28 (English, online ).

[FloraIranica-5] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h D. Peev: Torilis. In: Karl Heinz Rechinger (Ed.): Flora Iranica. Flora of the Iranian highlands and the surrounding mountains. Volume 162: Umbelliferae (main volume ). Akademische Drucks- und Verlagsanstalt, Graz 1987, pp. 121–130.

[Conspectus-6] A ^b David Heller, Chaia Clara Heyn: Conspectus Florae Orientalis. An Annotated Catalog of the Flora of the Middle East. Fascicle 7. Cornaceae - Umbelliferae (Apiaceae). The Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Jerusalem 1993, ISBN 965-208-107-8 .