Common burdock chervil

Common burdock chervil
	Common burdock chervil ( Torilis japonica )
Systematics
	Euasterids II
Order :	Umbelliferae (Apiales)
Family :	Umbelliferae (Apiaceae)
Subfamily :	Apioideae
Genre :	Bristle umbels ( Torilis )
Type :	Common burdock chervil
Scientific name
	Torilis japonica
	( Houtt. ) DC.

The common burdock chervil ( Torilis japonica , syn .: Torilis anthriscus ) is a species of the umbelliferous family (Apiaceae).

description

Pinnate foliage

Appearance and leaves

The common burdock chervil is an annual herbaceous plant and reaches a height of 20 to 120 centimeters. The stem is rough due to the rigid bristle hairs lying on it and pointing backwards.

The leaves standing at the base and the lower half of the stem consist of a 2 to 7 centimeter long petiole and a one to two-pinnate leaf blade. The dark green, shiny leaf blade is triangular-ovoid to ovate-lanceolate and up to 20 centimeters long and 17 centimeters wide. The leaflets are broadly ovate-lanceolate with a length of 2 to 6 centimeters and a width of 1 to 2.5 centimeters, the terminal leaflet is elongated.

Common burdock chervil ( Torilis japonica ), illustration

Section of an inflorescence

Fruit cluster

Generative characteristics

The back harsh-haired inflorescence stalk is 3 to 25 inches long; in contrast to the almost sedentary double umbels in the gnarled burdock chervil ( Torilis nodosa ). In the double umbel there are more than five linear bracts at the base of the four to twelve umbel rays, which are bristly and have a length of 1 to 3 centimeters. The cones are surrounded by five to eight 1.5 to 7 mm × 0.5 to 1.5 mm wide, linear to awl-like husk leaves . The small cones contain four to twelve flowers, the cone rays are 1 to 4 millimeters in length and are shorter than the husk leaves. The narrow calyx teeth are deltoid-lanceolate. The petals are white to pink.

The double achenes, which are often black and purple when ripe, are spherical-egg-shaped and measure 1.5 to 5 mm × 1 to 2.5 mm. The two partial fruits are densely covered with curved, rough spines with smooth, piercing tips without barbs.

The flowering period extends from April to October.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 16.

ecology

The common burdock chervil is a half-rosette plant that hibernates to biennial. In sunny places the whole plant is covered in red.

The flowers are white, pre-male "nectar-bearing disc flowers". In addition to hermaphrodite flowers, there are also male, short-stalked flowers in the center of the umbel. Pollinators are flies .

The fruits are often spread along the paths by people and dogs with the help of their bristle main ribs and hollows. So it is a Velcro spread or epichory .

Predators and parasites

The common burdock chervil is forage for the map . The following fungi parasitize the common burdock chervil : Erysibe betae , Diaporthe angelicae , Laphiostoma caulicum and Mycosphaerella leptasca . Furthermore, the aphid Semiaphis anthrisci and the two gall mosquitoes Lasioptera carophila and Schizomyia pimpinellae cause gall formation on this plant.

Occurrence

The common burdock chervil occurs in North Africa, Europe, Asia, above all in Japan and China (there at altitudes from 100 to 3800 meters), as a neophyte also in eastern North America. There are also other deposits in Iran , Afghanistan , Pakistan and the Himalayas . It colonizes moderately dry to moderately fresh, nutrient-rich and alkaline-rich soils on forest and hedge fringes, forest paths, in lofts and on ruderal sites in partially shaded locations. It is a character species of the Torilidetum japonicae from the Alliarion association, but also occurs in societies of the Atropetalia order.

In the Allgäu Alps, the species in Bavaria at the southern foot of the Grünten rises up to 1040 m above sea level.

Systematics

The common burdock chervil was first published in 1753 by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum under the basionym Tordylium anthriscus . It first came into the genus Torilis with the recombination Torilis anthriscus (L.) CCGmel , published in 1805 and often used in older floras . , which is invalid because Torilis anthriscus (L.) Gaertn. with the basionym Scandix anthriscus L. , which today is known as the Hunds chervil ( Anthriscus caucalis M.Bieb. ) was published. The basionym of the name Torilis japonica (Houtt.) DC, valid in the genus Torilis and published in 1830 by Augustin Pyramus de Candolle . is the Caucalis japonica Houtt described by Maarten Houttuyn from Japan in 1777 .

use

Roots and fruits of the common burdock chervil have long been used in Chinese medicine as a remedy for inflammation, skin diseases and impotence. The latest studies show diverse effects: Kim et al. isolated a sesquiterpene called torilin from the fruits of the common burdock chervil , which removes drug resistance in cancer cells. Cho et al. a. report on an antibacterial effect of torilin against Bacillus subtilis . Yun et al. were able to show that torilin inhibits melanin production in melanomas . In 2010, Jung and Ghil showed that an extract of the common burdock chervil can be used against glioblastoma (a brain tumor).

swell

literature

She Menglan, Mark F. Watson: Torilis . In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China . Volume 14: Apiaceae through Ericaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2005, ISBN 1-930723-41-5 , pp. 28 (English, online ).
Ursula Stichmann-Marny, Wilfried Stichmann, Erich Kretzschmar: The great cosmos natural guide. Animals and plants. Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-440-10256-4 .

Individual evidence

^ Siegmund Seybold : Flora of Germany and neighboring countries. A book for identifying vascular plants that grow wild and often cultivated . Founded by Otto Schmeil , Jost Fitschen . 93rd completely revised and expanded edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2006, ISBN 3-494-01413-2 , p. 554 .
^ ^A ^b ^c Eckehart J. Jäger, Klaus Werner (Ed.): Exkursionsflora von Deutschland . Founded by Werner Rothmaler. 10th edited edition. tape 4 : Vascular Plants: Critical Volume . Elsevier, Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Munich / Heidelberg 2005, ISBN 3-8274-1496-2 , p. 498 .
↑ Torilis japonica at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
↑ ^a ^b ^c Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait . 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 , p. 786-787 .
^ Gustav Hegi: Illustrated flora of Central Europe. Pteridophyta, Spermatophyta . 2nd Edition. Volume V. Part 2: Angiospermae: Dicotyledones 3 (2) (Cactaceae - Cornaceae) . Carl Hanser and Paul Parey, Munich and Berlin / Hamburg 1966, ISBN 3-489-74021-1 , p. 1051–1054, 1566 (unchanged reprint from 1926 with addendum).
↑ ^a ^b Torilis in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved May 18, 2018.
^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 703-704 .
↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 2, IHW, Eching 2004, ISBN 3-930167-61-1 , p. 266.
↑ Carl von Linné: Species Plantarum. Volume 1, Lars Salvius, Stockholm 1753, p. 240, digitized
↑ Augustin Pyramus de Candolle: Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis, sive, Enumeratio contracta ordinum generum specierumque plantarum huc usque cognitarium, juxta methodi naturalis, normas digesta. Volume 4, 1830, Treuttel & Würtz, Paris 1830, p. 219 digitized
↑ Torilis japonica at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
↑ SE Kim, YH Kim, YC Kim, JJ Lee: Torilin, a sesquiterpene from Torilis japonica, reverses multidrug-resistance in cancer cells. In: Planta Medica . Volume 64, No. 4, 1998, pp. 332-334, doi : 10.1055 / s-2006-957445 .
↑ WI Cho, JB Choi, K. Lee, MS Chung, YR Pyun: Antimicrobial activity of torilin isolated from Torilis japonica fruit against Bacillus subtilis. In: Journal of Food Science . Volume 73, No. 2, 2008, pp. M37-M46. doi : 10.1111 / j.1750-3841.2007.00639.x
↑ Cheong-Yong Yun, Dongchun Kim, Won-Hee Lee, Yu Mi Park, Seung Ho Lee, Minkyun Na, Yurngdong Jahng, Bang Yeon Hwang, Mi Kyeong Lee, Sang-Bae Han, Youngsoo Kim: Torilin from Torilis japonica inhibits melanin production in alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone-activated B16 melanoma cells. In: Planta Medica. Volume 75, No. 14, 2009, pp. 1505-1508, doi : 10.1055 / s-0029-1185803 .
↑ Hye-Won Jung, Sung-Ho Ghil: A Torilis japonica extract exerts anti-proliferative activities on the U87MG human glioblastoma cell line. In: Molecular Medicine Reports. Volume 3, No. 6, pp. 1041-1045. doi : 10.3892 / mmr.2010.376 .

Web links

Commons : Common burdock ( Torilis japonica ) - album with pictures, videos and audio files

Common burdock chervil. In: FloraWeb.de.
Profile and distribution map for Bavaria . In: Botanical Information Hub of Bavaria .
Common burdock chervil . In: BiolFlor, the database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany.
Torilis japonica (Houtt.) DC. In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora . Retrieved January 2, 2016.
Distribution in the northern hemisphere from: Eric Hultén, Magnus Fries: Atlas of North European vascular plants. 1986, ISBN 3-87429-263-0 at Den virtuella floran (swed.)

[Schmeil-1] Siegmund Seybold : Flora of Germany and neighboring countries. A book for identifying vascular plants that grow wild and often cultivated . Founded by Otto Schmeil , Jost Fitschen . 93rd completely revised and expanded edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2006, ISBN 3-494-01413-2 , p. 554 .

[Rothmaler4-10-2] A ^b ^c Eckehart J. Jäger, Klaus Werner (Ed.): Exkursionsflora von Deutschland . Founded by Werner Rothmaler. 10th edited edition. tape 4 : Vascular Plants: Critical Volume . Elsevier, Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Munich / Heidelberg 2005, ISBN 3-8274-1496-2 , p. 498 .

[IPCN-3] Torilis japonica at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis

[Düll-4] Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait . 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 , p. 786-787 .

[Hegi5-2-5] Gustav Hegi: Illustrated flora of Central Europe. Pteridophyta, Spermatophyta . 2nd Edition. Volume V. Part 2: Angiospermae: Dicotyledones 3 (2) (Cactaceae - Cornaceae) . Carl Hanser and Paul Parey, Munich and Berlin / Hamburg 1966, ISBN 3-489-74021-1 , p. 1051–1054, 1566 (unchanged reprint from 1926 with addendum).

[GRIN-6] Torilis in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved May 18, 2018.

[Oberdorfer2001-7] Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 703-704 .

[Dörr_und_Lippert-8] Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 2, IHW, Eching 2004, ISBN 3-930167-61-1 , p. 266.

[SpPl-9] Carl von Linné: Species Plantarum. Volume 1, Lars Salvius, Stockholm 1753, p. 240, digitized

[DC1830-10] Augustin Pyramus de Candolle: Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis, sive, Enumeratio contracta ordinum generum specierumque plantarum huc usque cognitarium, juxta methodi naturalis, normas digesta. Volume 4, 1830, Treuttel & Würtz, Paris 1830, p. 219 digitized

[tropicos-11] Torilis japonica at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis

[Kim1998-12] SE Kim, YH Kim, YC Kim, JJ Lee: Torilin, a sesquiterpene from Torilis japonica, reverses multidrug-resistance in cancer cells. In: Planta Medica . Volume 64, No. 4, 1998, pp. 332-334, doi : 10.1055 / s-2006-957445 .

[Cho2008-13] WI Cho, JB Choi, K. Lee, MS Chung, YR Pyun: Antimicrobial activity of torilin isolated from Torilis japonica fruit against Bacillus subtilis. In: Journal of Food Science . Volume 73, No. 2, 2008, pp. M37-M46. doi : 10.1111 / j.1750-3841.2007.00639.x

[Yun2009-14] Cheong-Yong Yun, Dongchun Kim, Won-Hee Lee, Yu Mi Park, Seung Ho Lee, Minkyun Na, Yurngdong Jahng, Bang Yeon Hwang, Mi Kyeong Lee, Sang-Bae Han, Youngsoo Kim: Torilin from Torilis japonica inhibits melanin production in alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone-activated B16 melanoma cells. In: Planta Medica. Volume 75, No. 14, 2009, pp. 1505-1508, doi : 10.1055 / s-0029-1185803 .

[Jung2010-15] Hye-Won Jung, Sung-Ho Ghil: A Torilis japonica extract exerts anti-proliferative activities on the U87MG human glioblastoma cell line. In: Molecular Medicine Reports. Volume 3, No. 6, pp. 1041-1045. doi : 10.3892 / mmr.2010.376 .