Field chervil

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Field chervil
Habitus (Torilis arvensis)

Habitus ( Torilis arvensis )

Systematics
Euasterids II
Order : Umbelliferae (Apiales)
Family : Umbelliferae (Apiaceae)
Subfamily : Apioideae
Genre : Bristle umbels ( Torilis )
Type : Field chervil
Scientific name
Torilis arvensis
( Huds. ) Link

The field burdock chervil ( Torilis arvensis ), also called field burdock chervil or field bristle umbel , is a species of plant from the genus bristle umbels ( Torilis ) within the umbelliferae family (Apiaceae). It is widespread with several subspecies in Eurasia and Africa .

description

The grooved stem is covered with downward-lying brooches
Bracts are missing or there are at most 1–2. The umbel rays are occupied with upward lying brooks.
Underside of a dozy.
The fruit is covered with hooked spines.

Vegetative characteristics

The burdock chervil is an annual herbaceous plant that reaches heights of 30 to 100 centimeters. The above-ground parts of the plant appear matt gray-green due to thicker hair. It forms a thin, spindle-shaped root .

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Generative characteristics

The flowers are grouped in a double-ended inflorescence. There is no or only one bract .

The 3 to 5 millimeter long double achees have fruit spines that have barbs at the tip that can be seen with a magnifying glass.

Chromosome number

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 12.

Phenology

The flowering period in Central Europe extends from July to August .

ecology

The burdock chervil is a therophyte .

Diaspores are its Velcro fruits that are spread over animals by adhering to fur or feathers ( epichory ).

Occurrence

The distribution area of the burdock chervil is in Europe and the Middle East . He is an archaeophyte in Central Europe .

In Austria the burdock chervil, which seems to be spreading recently, occurs in the Pannonian area scattered or rarely, otherwise very rarely in fallow vineyards, dry ruderal areas and dry grassland. The occurrences are limited to the colline and partly submontane elevations of the federal states of Vienna , Lower Austria and Burgenland . Torilis arvensis is considered endangered in Austria.

The burdock chervil occurs rarely and inconsistently ruderally or in grain fields. It thrives best on base-rich, lime-rich, dry, warm loam or clay soils that are warm in summer and contain only moderate amounts of nitrogen . According to Ellenberg , it is a half-light plant, a heat pointer, a base and lime pointer. It is an order character type of the cereal weed societies (Secalietalia), after Oberdorfer character type of the association Caucalidion.

Systematics

It was first published in 1762 by William Hudson under the Basionym Caucalis arvensis . The new combination to Torilis arvensis was published in 1821 by Heinrich Friedrich Link .

According to some authors, Central Europe has three subspecies, for example, whose taxonomic status is considered insufficiently researched:

  • Common arable umbel ( Torilis arvensis (Huds.) Link subsp. Arvensis ): The plant is less than 30 cm high. The numerous branches stand out far. The outer petals are shorter than 1.5 mm and do not shine. The stylus are two to three times longer than the stylus pad. It has a limited distribution in Western and Central Europe. According to R. Hand, it also occurs originally in North Africa, Southern Europe, Southeastern Europe and the Middle East. The number of chromosomes is 2n = 12.
  • Unrecognized field bristle umbels ( Torilis arvensis subsp. Neglecta (Spreng.) Thell. , Syn .: Torilis neglecta Spreng. , Torilis radiata Moench ): The outer petals are over 2 mm long and radiate clearly. The stylus are three to six times longer than the stylus pad. It is originally in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Hungary, Ukraine, the Balkan Peninsula, Italy, France, Spain, Portugal, Madeira, Algeria , Egypt , Morocco , Tunisia , Cyprus , Iran , Iraq , Lebanon, Syria , Turkey , Jordan, Israel and Afghanistan. In the Azores she is a neophyte. In the Canary Islands and France, the originality is doubtful. The number of chromosomes is 2n = 12.
  • Upright field bristle umbel ( Torilis arvensis subsp. Recta Jury ): The plant is 30 to 100 cm high. The few branches are more or less upright. The outer petals are shorter than 1.5 mm and do not shine. The stylus are two to three times longer than the stylus pad. This formerly with Torilis arvensis subsp. arvensis group occurs in Central and Southern Europe, North Africa and Southwest Asia and also occurs as a naturalized neophyte . The number of chromosomes is 2n = 12.

Torilis arvensis no longer includes:

  • Torilis africana Spreng. (Syn .: Torilis arvensis subsp. Heterophylla (cast.) Thell. , Torilis arvensis subsp. Purpurea (Ten.) Hayek ): It is originally found in southern and eastern Europe, in North Africa, in Madeira, in western Asia and in the Caucasus. In the Canary Islands, the originality is doubtful. The number of chromosomes is 2n = 12.
  • Torilis elongata (Hoffmanns. & Link) Samp. (Syn .: Torilis arvensis subsp. Elongata (Hoffmanns. & Link) Cannon ): It is native to Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Portugal, Spain, Sicily, Italy, Croatia, Montenegro, Albania, Greece, Crete, Israel, Jordan, Syria, Lebanon and European and Asian Turkey. In the Canary Islands their originality is doubtful.

literature

  • Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany . Ed .: Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (=  The fern and flowering plants of Germany . Volume 2 ). Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Torilis arvensis (Huds.) Link, Feld-Klettenkerbel. In: FloraWeb.de.
  2. ↑ a b c d e Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursions flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. Province of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 , p. 840 .
  3. ↑ a b c d Torilis arvensis in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved May 18, 2018.
  4. ↑ a b c d e Torilis arvensis at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  5. ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  704 .
  6. ^ William Hudson: Flora Anglica. Self-published, London 1762, p. 98, preview in Google book search.
  7. ^ Heinrich Friedrich Link: Enumeratio plantarum Horti regii botanici berolinensis altera. Volume 1, G. Reimer, Berlin 1821, p. 265 ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fbiodiversitylibrary.org%2Fpage%2F7451777~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided%3D~LT%3D~ PUR% 3D ).
  8. ↑ a b c Karl Peter Buttler , Michael Thieme & employees: Florenliste von Deutschland - Vascular Plants, Version 5. Frankfurt am Main, July 2013, published on the Internet at http://www.kp-buttler.de .
  9. ↑ a b c d e Stephen L. Jury: A new subspecies of Torilis arvensis (Hudson) Link. In: Lagascalia. Volume 18, No. 2, 1996, pp. 282-285 (PDF file) .
  10. ↑ a b c d e f g Ralf Hand: Apiaceae. : Torilis In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Berlin 2011.
  11. ↑ Jean-Pierre Reduron: Ombellifères de France 5. In: Bulletin de la Société Botanique du Center Ouest, Nouvelle Série. Numéro Spécial. Volume 30, 2008, Torilis gr. Arvensis, pp. 2482-2515.

Web links

Commons : Acker-Klettenkerbel ( Torilis arvensis )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files