United States Embassy in Jerusalem

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United States Embassy in Jerusalem

The United States Embassy in Jerusalem is the diplomatic representation of the United States in Israel . The US Ambassador to Israel is currently David M. Friedman .

The embassy was symbolically opened on May 14, 2018, the 70th anniversary of the Israeli declaration of independence , replacing the embassy in Tel Aviv . Deputy Foreign Minister John J. Sullivan , Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin and Jason Greenblatt as well as Ivanka Trump and her husband Jared Kushner attended the opening , US President Donald Trump was connected via video transmission.

The embassy is located in the Arnona district of Jerusalem on the side of the previous US Consulate General at 14 David Flusser, Jerusalem 9378322 (the street is named after David Flusser ). The headquarters of the previous US Consulate General on Gershon Agron Road will remain as such for the time being. The previous embassy in Tel Aviv has been declared a branch of the new embassy. At the opening, around 50 of the approximately 1,000 employees of the previous embassy moved to Jerusalem. It will likely take several years for the move to be complete. In the long term, the construction of a new embassy building is planned.

background

The relocation of the embassy headquarters from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem is based on the Jerusalem Embassy Act passed by the United States Congress in 1995 , which originally provided for the relocation on December 31, 1999 and the recognition of Jerusalem as the capital of Israel. However, the resolution allowed the respective US presidents to postpone implementation by six months indefinitely if it affects national security. Presidents Bill Clinton , George W. Bush and Barack Obama all made use of this clause. After taking office, President Donald Trump did the same . It was not until December 6, 2017, in accordance with an election promise, that he recognized Jerusalem as Israel's capital and instructed the State Department to prepare for the relocation of the embassy.

In the past, 16 countries already had their embassy in Jerusalem: after the 1973 Yom Kippur War , the African states Côte d'Ivoire , Zaire (now the Democratic Republic of the Congo) and Kenya ended their diplomatic relations with Israel and closed their embassies. When relations were resumed, they were transferred to Tel Aviv. Eleven Latin American states ( Bolivia , Chile , Colombia , Costa Rica , the Dominican Republic , Ecuador , El Salvador , Panama , Uruguay and Venezuela ), as well as the Netherlands and the Caribbean island of Haiti , also had representations in Jerusalem, mostly as a result of the annexation of East Jerusalem in 1980 were relocated to Tel Aviv (Costa Rica and El Salvador only in 2006).

Jordan raises territorial claims to parts of the Jerusalem embassy grounds because they are not in Israel but on occupied no-man's-land (see Corpus separatum # Jerusalem and Armistice Agreement of 1949 ).

Reactions

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Israel

Jerusalem's Mayor Nir Barkat announced that a small square near the new embassy will soon be named after Trump to thank the US President for the decision.

Palestinian Territories

At z. On May 14, 2018, at least 60 Palestinians were shot by Israeli soldiers and more than 2,700 were injured, partly violent protests by Palestinians against the relocation of the US embassy to Jerusalem. In previously dropped leaflets, the Israel Defense Forces announced that action would be taken against any attempt to damage the security fence. In response to the border violations, the Israeli Air Force bombed positions of the terrorist organization Hamas in the Gaza Strip . An independent investigation of the confrontations, as requested in a draft for a joint statement in the UN Security Council , was rejected by the USA.

The Israeli military accused the protesters of having used "violence on an unprecedented scale". Three terrorist cells with firearms had tried to attack Israeli soldiers, said Israeli military spokesman Brigadier General Ronen Manelis. Let Molotov cocktails , explosives and kite with incendiary devices were used against the Israeli side. There have been attempts to kidnap soldiers. Around 40,000 people were involved in the mass protests in the border area. They concentrated on twelve points along the border and tried to break through it. Manelis accused Hamas of trying to carry out attacks on Israeli towns near the border under the guise of peaceful protests. Hamas paid $ 100 per family to participate in the protests. Many women were involved. Nobody managed to cross the border.

The Palestinian President Mahmud Abbas announced three days of state mourning and called the killings a "massacre". The governments of Egypt and Jordan condemned Israel's crackdown on the unarmed.

In protest against the fact that on the eve of the embassy opening, diplomats from 34 of the 86 countries represented in Israel, including Romania, Hungary, the Czech Republic and Austria, had attended a reception at the invitation of Prime Minister Netanyahu, the Palestinian Authority withdrew its diplomatic Representatives from these four countries.

OIC

In response to Donald Trump's recognition, a special summit of Islamic states recognized East Jerusalem as the capital of a state of Palestine .

South and Latin America

At the time of the embassy opening, Jerusalem was recognized as Israel's capital by only two other states ( Uruguay and Venezuela ). Two days later, Guatemala moved its embassy to Jerusalem, on May 21, 2018 Paraguay followed as the third state. In Honduras , such a step is expected in the near future, after the National Congress has issued a resolution calling on the government to do so.

Europe

European Union

The European Union was planning a joint resolution against the relocation of the embassy, ​​but it was blocked by Romania , the Czech Republic and Hungary . Federica Mogherini , the EU foreign policy representative, urged Israel and Palestinians to be careful about avoiding violence. Everyone should act with the utmost restraint to avoid further deaths at the border.

Germany

The Foreign Office tightened the travel advice to Israel.

France

French President Emmanuel Macron condemned the escalation on the Gaza Strip-Israel border.

Terrorist groups

Aiman ​​al-Zawahiri , the leader of the terrorist group Al-Qaeda , called on Muslims to jihad against Israel and the United States.

Turkey

In response, Turkey withdrew its ambassadors from the US and Israel.

South Africa

Even South Africa recalled its ambassador.

United Nations

The UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres expressed concern about the riots.

Web links

Commons : Embassy of the United States in Jerusalem  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Symbolic move to Jerusalem , Tagesschau, May 14, 2018
  2. ↑ USA blocks UN draft for investigation. Retrieved on May 16, 2018 (Austrian German).
  3. ^ New US Embassy May Be in Jerusalem, but Not in Israel . In: The New York Times . March 7, 2018, ISSN  0362-4331 ( nytimes.com [accessed May 16, 2018]).
  4. ^ Square near US embassy in Jerusalem to be named for Trump . In: The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com . ( jpost.com [accessed May 16, 2018]).
  5. ↑ Gaza mass protests on the border with Israel - dozen dead, at least 2,800 injured , berliner-zeitung.de, May 14, 2018, accessed on May 15, 2018
  6. ↑ a b Israeli air force flies attack on Hamas in the Gaza Strip . Welt Online, May 14, 2018.
  7. ↑ Palestinians on strike after violence in Gaza , liewo.li, published and accessed on May 15, 2018
  8. ↑ violence in the Gaza Strip: Turkey makes US responsible for "massacres" . In: Spiegel Online . May 14, 2018 ( spiegel.de [accessed May 16, 2018]).
  9. ↑ violence in the Gaza Strip: Turkey makes US responsible for "massacres" . In: Spiegel Online . May 14, 2018 ( spiegel.de [accessed May 16, 2018]).
  10. ↑ https://www.tagesspiegel.de/politik/eroeffnung-der-us-botschaft-in-jerusalem-palaestinenser-haben-botschafter-aus-vier-eu-staat-ab/22571900.html
  11. ↑ https://kurier.at/politik/ausland/jerusalem-kneissl-verteidigt-teilnahme-oesterreichs-am-empfang/400035481
  12. ↑ Islamic Summit recognizes East Jerusalem as the capital of Palestine . ( zeit.de [accessed June 15, 2018]).
  13. ↑ Why these Latin American countries support moving their embassies to Jerusalem . ( timesofisrael.com [accessed May 16, 2018]).
  14. ↑ tagesschau.de: Paraguay opens embassy in Jerusalem. Retrieved on May 21, 2018 (German).
  15. ^ Middle East conflict: Guatemala opens embassy in Jerusalem . In: Spiegel Online . May 16, 2018 ( spiegel.de [accessed May 31, 2018]).
  16. ↑ mdr.de: Embassies in Jerusalem: Three Eastern European countries block EU line | MDR.DE . ( mdr.de [accessed on May 16, 2018]).
  17. ↑ Dispute over Jerusalem: Turkey withdraws ambassador from the USA . ( handelsblatt.com [accessed on May 16, 2018]).
  18. ↑ Foreign Office: Foreign Office - Israel: Travel and Safety Instructions (travel warning for the Gaza Strip) . In: Foreign Office DE . ( Auswaertiges-amt.de [accessed on May 16, 2018]).
  19. ↑ Dispute over Jerusalem: Turkey withdraws ambassador from the USA . ( handelsblatt.com [accessed on May 16, 2018]).
  20. ↑ Israel: Al-Qaeda chief threatens terrorism before US embassy opens . In: ZEIT ONLINE . ( zeit.de [accessed on May 16, 2018]).
  21. ↑ Dispute over Jerusalem: Turkey withdraws ambassador from the USA . ( handelsblatt.com [accessed on May 16, 2018]).
  22. ↑ Dispute over Jerusalem: Turkey withdraws ambassador from the USA . ( handelsblatt.com [accessed on May 16, 2018]).
  23. ↑ violence in the Gaza Strip: Turkey makes US responsible for "massacres" . In: Spiegel Online . May 14, 2018 ( spiegel.de [accessed May 16, 2018]).

Coordinates: 31 ° 44 ′ 52.1 ″  N , 35 ° 13 ′ 28.7 ″  E