Boykinia
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Boykinia is a plant genus in the family of the Saxifragaceae (Saxifragaceae). It has a disjoint area in the northern hemisphere : mainly in North America , but one species in Japan .
description
Vegetative characteristics
Boykinia species grow as perennial herbaceous plants and reach heights of 10 to 130 cm, depending on the species. They form creeping, short rhizomes as persistence organs and in Boykinia intermedia something like stolons can be present.
The upright, intensely glandular and downy hairy stems have a few or a few leaves that are similar to the basal leaves, but slowly get smaller towards the top and merge into sessile bracts. Most of the leaves stand together in a basal leaf rosette and are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The petioles are intensely hairy glandular. The simple, pinnate leaf blades are heart, kidney or almost circular with a heart-shaped base and lobed slightly to deeply incised . The leaf margin is notched or serrate. The leaf surface is hairy to varying degrees. There are stipules present.
Generative characteristics
In an elongated, composite entire inflorescence consisting of zymous partial inflorescences with mostly 5 to 20 (3 to 30) flowers standing over bracts on pedicels; the flowers are rarely solitary.
The more or less radial symmetry flowers are hermaphroditic and fünfzählig double perianth (perianth). The mostly green, sometimes purple-colored flower cups (hypanthium) are fused with the ovary at half to five-sixths of their length; the free area is 0.7 to 3 mm long. The five sepals are green to purple in color. The five mostly pure white petals ( sometimes with pink nerves in Boykinia richardsonii ) are always undivided. There is only one circle with five stamens . Two carpels are to a two-thirds to completely under continuous, two-chambered ovary grown. The two styluses each end in a scar.
The two-beaked capsule fruits contain around 50 to 500 seeds. The mostly black seeds are ellipsoidal and pitted (tuberculat), but in Boykinia richardsonii they are smooth and brown.
The basic chromosome number is n = 7.
Systematics and distribution
The genus Boykinia has a disjoint area with six species in North America and one species in Japan .
The genus name Boykinia was in 1834 by Thomas Nuttall in the article A Description of some of the rarer or little known plants indigenous to the United States, from the dried specimens in the herbarium of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia , in the Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia , Volume 7, Part 1, pp. 113-114, first published. Type species is Boykinia aconitifolia Nutt. The generic name Boykinia honors Samuel Boykin (1786-1848), a planter, doctor and naturalist in Milledgeville, Georgia . Synonyms for Boykinia Nutt. are: Telesonix Raf. , Therofon Raf. , Therophon Rydb. orth. var., Neoboykinia H.Hara .
The genus Boykinia contains about seven species:
- Boykinia aconitifolia Nutt. : It thrives in moist woodlands, on the banks of lakes, ponds, and running water at altitudes between 300 and 1,000 meters in Alberta , Georgia , Kentucky , North Carolina , South Carolina , Tennessee , Virginia , West Virginia .
- Boykinia intermedia (Piper) GNJones : It thrives in temperate rainforests, on the banks of lakes, ponds and rivers at altitudes between 10 and 700 meters in Oregon and Washington .
- Boykinia lycoctonifolia (Maxim.) Engl .: It occurs only in Japan.
- Boykinia major A.Gray : It thrives in humid woodlands, on the banks of lakes, ponds and rivers at altitudes between 200 and 2200 meters in California , Idaho , Montana and Oregon.
- Boykinia occidentalis Torrey & A.Gray : It thrives in damp, cold woodland, on the banks of lakes, ponds and rivers , in swamps, often on disturbed areas and on railway lines at altitudes between 0 and 1400 (rarely up to 1700) meters in British Columbia , California , Oregon and Washington.
- Boykinia richardsonii (Hook.) Rothrock : It thrives in gullies onrunningwaters, grasslands and meadows, which can be open or partiallyshadedby willow bushes, at altitudes between 0 and 1700 meters in Yukon and Alaska .
- Boykinia rotundifolia Parry ex A.Gray : It thrives in damp, cold woodlands, on the banks of lakes, ponds and rivers , often on disturbed areas and on railway lines at altitudes between 800 and 2000 meters in California and Baja California .
use
Little is known about its use by humans. Boykinia major and Boykinia aconitifolia are rarely used as ornamental plants in temperate areas .
swell
- Richard J. Gornall: Boykinia , p. 125 - the same text online as the printed work , In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico , Volume 8 - Paeoniaceae to Ericaceae , Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, 2009. ISBN 978-0-19-534026-6 (sections description, systematics, distribution and use)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h Richard J. Gornall: Boykinia , p. 125 - same text online as the printed work , In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico , Volume 8 - Paeoniaceae to Ericaceae , Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, 2009. ISBN 978-0-19-534026-6
- ^ Thomas Nuttall: Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia , Volume 7, Part 1, 1834, pp. 113-114, scanned into Google Book.
- ^ Entry at The Saxifrage Society .
- ↑ Boykinia major at Flora of North America .
- ↑ Boykinia aconitifolia at Flora of North America.
