Bruno K. Schultz

Bruno Kurt Schultz in the black pre-war uniform of the General SS. The blank right collar tab indicates its organizational assignment to the Main Race and Settlement Office.

Bruno Kurt Schultz (born August 3, 1901 in Sitzenberg , Austria-Hungary ; † December 9, 1997 in Altenberge ) was an Austro-German anthropologist and university professor who rose to the rank of “race expert” of the Schutzstaffel during the Third Reich. Standartenführer belonged.

Life

Schultz, whose father was deputy chief of police, visited after the elementary school a human High School . After graduating from high school , Schultz studied ethnology and anthropology at the universities of Vienna , Uppsala and Leipzig . The study concluded Schultz 1924 in Vienna Promotion Dr. phil. off, the title of his dissertation is Contributions to the Teutons' ideas of the afterlife .

Scientific activity

From 1924 Schultz worked as a scientific assistant under Otto Reche at the Center for Folk and Cultural Research in Leipzig and then briefly at the Natural History Museum in Vienna . From 1927 he worked at the University of Vienna and in 1928 under Theodor Mollison at the University of Munich at the Anthropological Institute there. His habilitation followed in Munich in 1934 and Schultz was appointed lecturer for racial studies and human heredity at the University of Munich. From 1936 Schultz was a professor at the Reichsakademie for physical exercises and two years later he also became director of the biological institute of the Reichsakademie. In 1938, he also took on an extraordinary professorship for "Racial Biology" at the University of Berlin .

At the end of 1941, at the instigation of Wilhelm Saure, he moved to the University of Prague , where in 1942 he became professor of “genetic and racial hygiene ” and head of the Institute for Racial Studies at the Faculty of Natural Sciences. After the end of the Second World War , from 1951 on , Schultz was Professor of Reuse at the University of Münster under Otmar Freiherr von Verschuer at the Institute for Human Genetics there . Schultz retired in 1960 and then lived as a pensioner.

Political activity and SS leader at the RuSHA

As a youth, Schultz was already folk- oriented, so from 1918 he belonged to the "nationally conscious youth" of the German School Association . During his studies he was involved in the Völkischer Block of the German student body at the University of Vienna and from 1927 gave lectures on racial politics in Munich. Schultz also held the position of local group leader at the Nordic Ring . From 1929 he was also editor of the magazine Volk und Rasse (an "illustrated monthly for German folklore, racial studies and race care"), which had been published by J. F. Lehmanns Verlag in Munich since 1926, and became a German citizen in the same year.

It was through these activities that Walther Darré became aware of Schultz and in January 1932 offered Schultz a position as "Referent für Rassenkunde" in the Race and Settlement Office , which he could only hold if he was a member of the NSDAP and SS . In addition, Schultz was assured that he would be able to continue his scientific career while he was working in the Race and Settlement Office. Schultz joined the NSDAP (party number 935.761) and SS (SS number 71.679) at the beginning of February 1932. In the General SS , Schultz reached the rank of SS-Standartenführer in the early 1940s .

In March 1932, Schultz began his work as a race advisor at the Race and Settlement Office and held racial training courses for SA and SS leaders. From 1934 onwards, Schultz was full-time head of the “Racial Studies and Race Research” department in the Race and Settlement Office, where from 1937 he was part of the staff management. In addition, from 1934 he was head of the staff department at the Reichsbauernführer in Berlin and was a member of the Advisory Board for “Population and Race Policy” at the Reich Ministry of the Interior . From 1936 Schultz was a deputy member of the Reich Committee for the Protection of German Blood . He was also a member of the Literature Commission of the German Ahnenerbes .

Bruno K. Schultz, who carried out his activities for the SS in parallel to his university work, was from October 1941 in personal union head of the Race Office of the Race and Settlement Main Office, which had been relocated to Prague . During the Second World War , Schultz carried out racial investigations on civilians in German-occupied areas ( Alsace - Lorraine , Poland , Yugoslavia , Slovenia , Soviet Union ) and had racially undesirable people removed from us or suitable children Germanized by breed examiners he had trained. These activities took place within the framework of the so-called " Umvolkungsaktion ". After the follow-up conferences of the Wannsee Conference on the “ Final Solution to the Jewish Question ”, Schultz prepared an expert opinion in 1943, in which he recommended that Jewish mixed race II. Degree with “Jewish characteristics in their external appearance” be treated as “Jewish mixed race I degree”. Reichsführer SS Heinrich Himmler and Martin Bormann agreed to this proposal . Due to the war, however, the proposal was no longer implemented. This measure would have had the consequence that the identified persons would have been subjected to forced sterilization .

At his own request, from the spring of 1944, Schultz completed a five-month course at the SS Junker School in Bad Tölz . At the end of August 1944, he joined the Waffen-SS as a Standartenoberjunker, and from January 1945 he was in combat with the SS Panzer Division Nordland .

After the end of the war, Schultz was classified as a follower as part of the denazification process . In the Soviet occupation zone , his writing Taschenbuch der Rassenkundlichen Messtechnik ( Lehmann , Munich 1937) was placed on the list of literature to be sorted out. He was not legally prosecuted, but was questioned twice by the North Rhine-Westphalia State Criminal Police Office in the summer of 1966.

Fonts

• Heredity, race, race care. A guide for self-study and teaching. JF Lehmanns Verlag , Munich 1933.
• Racial identification tables for eye, hair and skin colors and for the iris drawing. JF Lehmanns Verlag, Munich 1935.
• Racial science of German districts. JF Lehmanns Verlag, Munich 1935.
• German racial heads. JF Lehmanns Verlag, Munich 1935.
• Pocket book of racial measurement technology. JF Lehmanns Verlag, Munich 1937 digitized .

literature

• Hans-Christian Harten, Uwe Neirich, Matthias Schwerendt: Racial hygiene as an educational ideology of the Third Reich. Bio-bibliographical manual , Akademie Verlag, Edition Bildung und Wissenschaft Volume 10, Berlin 2006, ISBN 978-3-05-004094-3, ISBN 3-05-004094-7 .
• Isabel Heinemann: “Race, Settlement, German Blood”: The Race and Settlement Main Office of the SS and the racial reorganization of Europe . Wallstein, Göttingen 2003 ISBN 3-89244-623-7 .
• Ernst Klee : The dictionary of persons on the Third Reich . Who was what before and after 1945 . 2nd Edition. Fischer-Taschenbuch-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 2007, ISBN 978-3-596-16048-8 .
• Isabel Heinemann: The race experts of the SS and the population policy reorganization of Southeast Europe. In: Matthias Beer and Gerhard Seewann (eds.): Southeast research in the shadow of the Third Reich. Institutions - content - people. Oldenbourg, Munich 2004 ISBN 3-486-57564-3 . (= Southeast European Works 119), pp. 135–159.
• Isabel Heinemann: Ambivalent social engineers? The SS race experts . In: Gerhard Hirschfeld , Tobias Jersak (Hrsg.): Careers in National Socialism: Functional elites between participation and distance , Campus Verlag, Frankfurt / Main; New York 2004, ISBN 3-593-37156-1 , pp. 73-99.

Web links

• Literature by and about Bruno K. Schultz in the catalog of the German National Library

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Kürschner's German Scholar Calendar . 18th edition (2001). Vol. 2, p. 3723.
2. ^ ^{A b c d e f g} Hans-Christian Harten, Uwe Neirich, Matthias Schwerendt: Racial hygiene as an educational ideology of the Third Reich. Bio-bibliographical manual , Berlin 2006, p. 276 ff.
3. ↑ Ute Felbor: Racial Biology and Hereditary Science in the Medical Faculty of the University of Würzburg 1937–1945. Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg 1995 (= Würzburg medical-historical research. Supplement 3; also dissertation Würzburg 1995), ISBN 3-88479-932-0 , p. 100.
4. ^ ^{A b c} Ernst Klee: Das Personenlexikon zum Third Reich , Frankfurt am Main 2007, p. 565 f.
5. ↑ Isabel Heinemann: The race experts of the SS and the population policy reorganization of Southeast Europe. In: Mathias Beer and Gerhard Seewann (eds.): Southeast research in the shadow of the Third Reich. Institutions - content - people. , Munich 2004, p. 139 ff.
6. ↑ ^{a b} Isabel Heinemann: “Rasse, Siedlung, deutsches Blut”: The SS Race and Settlement Main Office and the new racial policy in Europe , Göttingen 2003, p. 634 f.
7. ^ ^{A b} Isabel Heinemann: Ambivalent social engineers? The SS race experts . In: Gerhard Hirschfeld , Tobias Jersak (Eds.): Careers in National Socialism: Functional elites between participation and distance , Frankfurt / Main; New York 2004, p. 79 f.
8. ↑ http://www.polunbi.de/bibliothek/1946-nslit-s.html