Brzezinka (Oświęcim)
| Brzezinka | |||
|---|---|---|---|
 Help on coat of arms |
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Lesser Poland | ||
| Powiat : | Oświęcim | ||
| Gmina : | Oświęcim | ||
| Geographic location : | 50 ° 3 ' N , 19 ° 11' E | ||
| Height : | 240 m npm | ||
| Residents : | 2336 (2011) | ||
Brzezinka ( German Birkenau ) is a village in the rural municipality of Oświęcim in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship, southwest of Kraków . The place has about 2300 inhabitants.
Birkenau was the location of the Auschwitz-Birkenau extermination camp during World War II .
geography
Brzezinka is three kilometers west of Oświęcim . The place is located at an altitude of 240 meters in the fork of the Vistula in the west and the Soła in the east.
history
The name of the place is derived from the Polish name for birch forest . The first written mention of Presinka comes from 1385 and is connected with the donation of pastureland to the Dominican monastery in Oświęcim.
Politically, the village originally belonged to the Duchy of Auschwitz under feudal rule of the Kingdom of Bohemia . In 1457 the duchy with Brzesinka was bought by the Polish king.
In 1564 Brzezinka was completely incorporated as part of the new Silesia District of the Krakow Voivodeship to the Kingdom of Poland , from 1569 the Polish-Lithuanian aristocratic republic .
During the first partition of Poland , Brzezinka came to the new Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria of the Habsburg Empire in 1772 (from 1804). From 1782 the village belonged to the Myslenice district (1819 with the seat in Wadowice ). After the abolition of patrimonial it formed a parish in the Biała District , later in the Oświęcim District .
When the railway was built in 1865, a train station was initially built in the municipality. This station made the village a suburb of the city but was later moved closer to Oświęcim.
In 1900 the Brzezinka municipality had 691 hectares, 231 houses with 1993 inhabitants, the majority of whom were Roman Catholic (1835) and Polish-speaking (1630). a. 166 German speakers, 45 people of another language, 86 Jews, 15 Greek Catholics and 57 people of other faith.
In 1918, after the end of the First World War and the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy, Brzezinka came to Poland. This was interrupted by the occupation of Poland by the Wehrmacht in World War II . From 1941, the site has been cleared to the in the corridors of the village on the orders of the German occupying forces extermination camp Auschwitz-Birkenau to build.
From 1975 to 1998 Brzezinka was part of the Bielsko-Biała Voivodeship .
See also
Web links
- Brzezinka . In: Filip Sulimierski, Władysław Walewski (eds.): Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich . tape 1 : Aa-Dereneczna . Sulimierskiego and Walewskiego, Warsaw 1880, p. 412 (Polish, edu.pl ).
- Map of the place
Individual evidence
- ↑ Tomasz Jurek (editor): BRZEZINKA ( pl ) In: Słownik Historyczno-Geograficzny Ziem Polskich w Średniowieczu. Edycja elektroniczna . PAN . 2010-2016. Retrieved April 22, 2019.
- ^ Krzysztof Rafał Prokop: Księstwa oświęcimskie i zatorskie wobec Korony Polskiej w latach 1438-1513. Dzieje polityczne . PAU , Kraków 2002, ISBN 83-8885731-2 , p. 151 (Polish).
- ↑ Ludwig Patryn (Ed.): Community encyclopedia of the kingdoms and countries represented in the Reichsrat, edited on the basis of the results of the census of December 31, 1900, XII. Galicia . Vienna 1907 ( online ).
- ↑ Dz.U. 1975 no 17 poz. 92 (Polish) (PDF file; 783 kB)
Babice (Babitz) | Broszkowice (Broschkowitz) | Brzezinka (Birkenau) | Dwory Drugie | Grojec | Harmęże (Harmense) | Pławy (Plawy) | Poręba Wielka (Poremba Wielka) | Rajsko (Raisko) | Stawy Monowskie | Włosienica (Wlocienitz) | Zaborze (Zaborz)