Arlen Castle
| Arlen Castle | ||
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.jpg) Remains of Arlen Castle |
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| Alternative name (s): | Arlberg Castle, Arl Castle | |
| Creation time : | around 1225 to 1250 | |
| Castle type : | Hilltop castle | |
| Conservation status: | Burgstall | |
| Construction: | Humpback cuboid | |
| Place: | St. Anton am Arlberg- Nasserein | |
| Geographical location | 47 ° 8 '10.5 " N , 10 ° 15' 50" E | |
| Height: | 1365 m | |
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The castle Arlen , also castle Arlberg or castle Arl called, is an Outbound hilltop castle in the town of St. Anton am Arlberg in the country Tirol . Sparse remains of the former ruin can be found on the Schlosskopf near Nasserein, east of St. Anton.
history
The castle was built around 1225 to 1250 by the Lords of Arlen, a branch of the Schrofenstein family . The castle was first documented in 1279 with Otto de Arlberch ; At that time he donated the Trams farm near Landeck to the Stams monastery as a Seelgerät . He seals it as Otto von Schrofenstein with the Schrofenstein ibex in the coat of arms. He should therefore be identical to Otto II von Schrofenstein. The founding of the castle is related to the traffic development over the Arlberg, which began in 1218. The Schrofensteiners have also accessed the Bludenz area through clearing and colonization beyond the pass . These Schrofensteiners were ministerials of the Counts of Gorizia and Tyrol . In 1312 a Konrad von Arlenberg is attested, probably a brother son of the aforementioned Otto. A Ulrich de Arlperge called in 1320 around. In 1338 there was still a problem from the Arlberg , whereby the name refers to the properties on the Arlberg and no longer to the castle, which at that time was already sovereign property.
Between 1312 and 1315 a devastating feud broke out in this region of Tyrol between the Barons von Rettenberg - Hohenegg together with Count Hugo von Montfort on the one hand and King Heinrich of Bohemia , also Count of Tyrol, on the other. The conflict is due to the meeting of the Hoheneggers in the Lechtal and on the Tannberg with the Schrofensteiners, who expanded northwards from Arlberg Castle and over the Almajurjoch . In 1312 Konrad von Perjen-Schrofenstein carried out seven raids against the Rettenbergers. In 1312/13 hostilities then broke out openly, with the Stanzertal being largely devastated. A novum castrum factum in monte Arl is mentioned, d. H. the old castle was destroyed in these clashes and then rebuilt. The rulers of Tyrol welcomed these disputes, as the Schrofensteiners' power base had been reduced. When the peace negotiations began in 1316, Arlberg Castle was in the hands of the Rettenbergers and their Allgäu allies. After that, the castle was no longer returned to the Schrofensteiners, but to the sovereign. The sovereign judge von Landeck, Rudolf von Prutz, worked here in 1317. The construction of the castle was delayed because of a war against the Schrofensteiners that flared up again in 1330. 1332/38 is the castle as novadomus in Arlperch and 1339 as novum castrum factum in monte Arl referred, with funds for the Berthold of Rubein, judges in Landeck, for Burghut be instructed. After that, the castle disappears from the rait books (= account books), presumably because the castle was changed from an official to an inheritance. Members of the Upper Rhine sex come into question as fief takers . The important traffic function of the castle appears again in 1385, at that time a Heinrich, a foundling from Kempten and later sword-bearer of Jacob von Überrhein, obtained the permission of Duke Leopold III. to build the St. Christopher Hospice .
In 1406 the castle was finally destroyed by the Appenzeller during the Appenzell Wars. The lord of the castle, Jakob von Überrhein, was captured by the Appenzeller and hung in the tower at Pettneu . Traces of fire from recent excavations confirm the forcible capture and destruction of Arlen Castle.
investment
The castle site , the Schloßkopf, is a not very pronounced fallback hill above Nasserein. An artificially created pointed ditch can be seen in the northwest . At the western foot of the castle hill is the building yard , which was rebuilt after a fire in 1946 , the former Meierhof belonging to the castle , today the castle courtyard . Every now and then between 1950 and 1970 (?) During construction work one came across the underground passages of the castle, which supposedly led down to Nasserein and St. Jakob. However, no more detailed research into these corridors was undertaken; as these could not have been found during the emergency excavation of 1974, it should, as is so often the case, be a legend .
In 1974 large parts of the ruins were destroyed because of a planned coffeehouse construction. A 2.15 m thick section of the wall remained, which is interpreted as the east wall of the former keep . This had a square floor plan with a side length of 10.5 m and a clear width of 5.7 m. A remnant of a lining wall of the former curtain wall is still preserved. During the emergency excavation in 1974, three fragments of cloaks and arches made of tuff with traces of fire were found.
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A Lourdes chapel was built on the castle hill at the end of the 19th century , the corner stones of which are former humpback blocks from Arlen Castle. Burgplatz has belonged to the Alber family since the mid-19th century.
literature
- Friedrich Wilhelm Krahe: Castles of the German Middle Ages. Floor plan lexicon. Weidlich / Flechsig, Würzburg 1994, ISBN 3-8035-1372-3 .
- Oswald Trapp ; Magdalena Hörmann-Weingartner (employee): Tiroler Burgenbuch. VII. Volume - Upper Inn Valley and Ausserfern . Athesia publishing house, Bozen 1986, ISBN 88-7014-391-0 .
Web links
- History-Tyrol: St. Anton am Arlberg
- Entry on Arl Castle in the private database “Alle Burgen”.
- Entry via Arlen Castle to Burgen-Austria
Individual evidence
- ^ Martin Bitschnau: Arlberg. In: Oswald Trapp, Magdalena Hörmann-Weingartner, pp. 155–163.