Liebenburg Castle

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Liebenburg Castle
Creation time : High medieval, first mentioned in 1268
Castle type : Hilltop castle, spur position, moth
Conservation status: Castle stable, tower hill with remains of walls and moat have been preserved
Standing position : Ministerial Headquarters
Place: Ebensfeld - Oberbrunn - "Schlossberg"
Geographical location 50 ° 3 '51.3 "  N , 10 ° 56' 21.1"  E Coordinates: 50 ° 3 '51.3 "  N , 10 ° 56' 21.1"  E
Height: 280  m above sea level NN
Liebenburg Castle (Bavaria)
Liebenburg Castle

The Liebenstein Castle is an Outbound high medieval motte (moth) on the southwestern edge of the village Oberbrunn , a local part of Ebensfeld in Upper Franconian district of Lichtenfels in Bavaria , Germany , on the edge of Mainaue. Little is known about this hilltop castle , it is roughly dated as medieval and was probably built during the High Middle Ages . The complex, first mentioned in 1268, belonged to the Counts of Henneberg , was destroyed at the beginning of the 14th century during the Peasants 'War and the Thirty Years' War and then rebuilt again and again until it was finally destroyed by an earthquake . Only the tower hill with a few remains of the wall and a moat have survived from the castle. The site is protected as a ground monument number D-4-5931-0026: Medieval tower hill .

history

Liebenburg Castle was probably built by the Counts of Henneberg in the 13th century at the latest. The complex was first mentioned in 1268, when Count Hermann I von Henneberg settled his dispute with Bamberg's Bishop Berthold von Leiningen about the Liebenburg Castle built near Brunn. The castle was destroyed for the first time at the beginning of the 14th century and after the Hennebergers became the property of the Bamberg monastery . According to the Urbar B of the bishopric from 1348 , Bishop Friedrich I von Hohenlohe enfeoffed the Franconian noble family of the Lords of Giech with the castle with "Heinricus de Giech residences in Brunne" . The Liebenburg was rebuilt by him. In 1525 it was burned to the ground again by the Kleukheim farmers in the course of the peasant war and then rebuilt by the Giechers. However, afterwards it was "genuinely ruined by inheritance disputes, the Thirty Years' War and ultimately by an earthquake, ... that nothing but a few unfit for resurrection ... masons remain". The Lords of Giech owned the manor until 1680, after which Oberbrunn and the castle ruins fell back to the bishopric. The Lords of Giech, who resided at Liebenburg Castle for several centuries, had their tombs in the Oberbrunn local church until the middle of the 19th century ; they are now in Thurnau Castle .

The last remaining masonry remains of the castle ruins were demolished in 1809, and after the Second World War the local residents themselves broke out the remains of the wall foundations to build houses.

Ceramic and metal finds from the late Middle Ages and the early modern period came to light in the area of ​​the earlier castle. In 1962, nine bolt tips, an ax, an iron key and a sieve spoon were discovered, and in the mid-1990s a gold-plated handle knob, a wheel spur and cornice tiles.

Today the Burgstall is located on private property and is strongly overgrown.

description

The castle site is located on the western high banks of the Main valley , on a facing north-northeast mountain nose, which is limited by the valley of the River Main in the east and a small side valley, which flows through the village ditch in the north and west. The Jura plateau connects to the south . From the former tower hill castle, only the formerly round tower hill has survived, it is located at the top of the mountain nose and is artificially piled up in its upper half. The steep hill has a height of up to 7.5 and a diameter of around 30 meters on its surface. The tower hill is well preserved on its southwest and northwest sides, in the northeast and in the southeast it has been severely damaged by quarries. On the surface of the hill, heavily ransacked by stone extraction, the remains of the foundations of a round building, probably a tower, made of smoothly hewn ashlar stones with an inner diameter of 3.5 meters have been preserved in the north area, as well as parts of a one meter thick brick wall on the northeastern edge of the demolition as well as the remains of a vaulted cellar entrance.

The tower hill is secured in the southwest by a section trench that is still around 20 meters wide at the top. In front of it is a semicircular plateau of about the same size as the tower hill, the north-west and south-east sides of which slope steeply into the valleys; in the north-east it was separated from the core hill by a ditch and in the south-west by a steep drop of up to 1.2 meters Embankment limited. There is a second ditch in front of this embankment, which flattens and tapers up the slope. This area was used for agricultural purposes for a long time, so that any building remains were destroyed. It is likely to have been an outer bailey or a farm yard of the castle and was probably only built after the tower hill was built.

literature

  • Ingrid Burger-Segl: Archaeological Forays in Meranierland am Obermain - A guide to archaeological and historical monuments of the early and high Middle Ages . 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. District of Upper Franconia, Bayreuth 2006, ISBN 3-9804971-7-8 , pp. 77-79.
  • Klaus Schwarz: The prehistoric and early historical monuments in Upper Franconia . (Material booklets on Bavarian prehistory, series B, volume 5). Verlag Michael Lassleben, Kallmünz 1955, p. 156.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation
  2. ↑ List of monuments for Ebensfeld (PDF) at the Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation (PDF; 169 kB)
  3. ^ Source history: Ingrid Burger-Segl: Archäologische Streifzüge im Meranierland am Obermain - A guide to archaeological and historical monuments of the early and high Middle Ages , p. 77 ff.
  4. ↑ Location of the tower hill in the Bavarian Monument Atlas
  5. ↑ Source description: Ingrid Burger-Segl: Archaeological Wanderings in Meranierland am Obermain - A Guide to Archaeological and Historical Monuments of the Early and High Middle Ages , p. 78 f. and Klaus Schwarz: The prehistoric and early historical site monuments of Upper Franconia , p. 156