Hainzendorf tower hill

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Hainzendorf tower hill
Alternative name (s): Punzendorfer tower hill
Creation time : Turn of the 10th to the 11th century
Castle type : Niederungsburg, moth
Conservation status: Castle stable, tower hill with rampart and moat preserved
Standing position : Ministeriale
Construction: stone
Place: Burgkunstadt - Hainzendorf
Geographical location 50 ° 9 '5.3 "  N , 11 ° 18' 46.3"  E Coordinates: 50 ° 9 '5.3 "  N , 11 ° 18' 46.3"  E
Height: 369  m above sea level NN
Hainzendorf Tower Hill (Bavaria)
Hainzendorf tower hill

The Tower Hill Hainz village , also Puzendorfer tower hill called the remnant is one at the turn of the 10th to the 11th century as a lowland castle -scale tower hill conditioning (Motte) in the southeast of Burgkunstadter hamlet Hainz village in the district of Lichtenfels in Bavaria .

description

The foundation of the system is a mound made of earth, about 40 meters long and about four meters high. The north-eastern half of the hill with a width of about 20 meters and three meters high is preserved and still visible. All around was a moat about 20 meters wide , which is now filled with water. The trench from above water belonging to the old farm house source is supplied ( 50 ° 9 '4.7 "  N , 11 ° 18' 46.6"  O ). The moat is still completely preserved in the north and east, but overbuilt in the west. The building is a rural residential stable from the late 17th century. On the northeast edge of the trench, the remains of a 0.5 meter high and 15 meter wide outer wall can be seen.

In the absence of archaeological excavations , little is known of the actual tower or tower castle. According to Johann Baptist Müller, it was probably a defensive system built initially only as a tower castle made of stone, around which the mound was heaped up to the walls at a later point in time, making it a kind of tower mound castle . Nothing can be seen on the surface of a former development on the mound.

History of the later court

The farm from the 17th century in the western part of the area has the house name Hofmannshof. This goes back to the name of a farm farmer employed by the landlord with a kind of lease contract, so it corresponded to a meierhof . The name “Puntzenhof” appeared for this farm in a Burgkunstadter deed from 1671. The farm has been documented and can be traced back to the first half of the 14th century. At that time it was probably an old episcopal knight's loan or official loan from the lords of Kunstadt or their sidelines, the Marschälke von Kunstadt from an older right, going back to the inheritance of Heinrich von Schweinfurt . First, through the marriage of Adelheid, Marschallin von Ebneth and Kunstadt, daughter of the long-time Vogts von Burgkunstadt, Friedrich II. Marschalk von Kunstadt (term of office January 2, 1336 to November 12, 1359), with Arnold von Hirschberg in the possession of the von Hirschberg . Their daughter Margarethe married Kuno von Punzendorf, so the property came to the Pünzendorf ministerial family . The name Puntzenhof goes back to them. According to a document dated August 24, 1335, Kuno von Punzendorf sold the Hainzendorfer Hof (curia Heinczendorff) and the property belonging to it to the Langheim monastery for 550 pounds Haller .

Twelve years after the sale, a legal dispute broke out over the court at the court in Bamberg. The son of Kuno von Punzendorf, Martin von Punzendorf, claimed that the farm was his own and illegally in the hands of the monastery, although he was named in the deed of 1335 and knew that it was legally sold. The monastery could therefore be confirmed as the rightful owner after presenting the deed of purchase. Two years later, on January 7, 1349, Albrecht I von Aufseß appeared as the new plaintiff. He claimed that the Hof zu Hainzendorf was his fiefdom from the then King of Bohemia, Charles IV , and was able to present a document that is no longer in existence today. But since the Abbot from Langheim was able to prove that he had owned the farm without interruption and unchallenged for twelve years, Albrecht I lost the trial. The reason for this dispute could have been the inclusion of the former tower hill castle in Charles IV's plan to form a new Bohemia with the capital Sulzbach . Albrecht I could have acted as an advocate, since the Aufseß held the gift-giving right in the Bamberg Monastery at that time , conferred by the Reichsschenk, the King of Bohemia.

Protection status

At the beginning of the 1980s, the tower complex was examined and its historical value recognized. In 1983 the Bavarian Monument Council, together with the Supreme Monument Protection Authority, declared the tower hill with the Punzenhof zu Hainzendorf to be particularly worthy of protection with effect from June 24, 1983 . Since then, it has been listed as a protected ground monument by the Bavarian State Office for the Preservation of Monuments under monument number D-4-5833-0007 .

Rehabilitation of the moat

In the past decades, the moat formed as a pond on the former tower hill was silted up. The water level was last less than a meter because a thick layer of mud and silt had been deposited. This also affected aquatic life such as dragonflies, small fish and various types of mosquitoes. The Landschaftspflegeverband Landkreis Lichtenfels e. V. rehabilitated the water in late summer 2011. First of all, the trees near the water were removed, especially the non-native hybrid poplars with their hard-to-decompose foliage caused ecological problems in the pond. After the water had been drained off, the sludge was dug with two excavators and dried for use as fertilizer. The pond was filled with water again and renatured.

literature

  • Ingrid Burger-Segl: The tower hill of Hainzendorf . In: Archaeological forays in the Meranierland on the Obermain . District of Upper Franconia, Bayreuth 2006, ISBN 3-9804971-7-8 , p. 124.
  • Johann Baptist Müller: Renewal against a historical background - Punzendorfer Turmhügel became a specially protected monument - Hainzendorf has a long history . In: From the Franconian homeland . Kulmbach 1991.
  • Johann Baptist Müller: How the tower hill complex in Hainzendorf near Kirchlein was discovered . In: In: CHW - Jahrbuch Geschichte am Obermain, Volume 18 . CHW Selbstverlag, Lichtenfels 1991, pp. 59-65.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Burger-Segl (2006), p. 124
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Müller (CHW-Jahrbuch 1991), pp. 59–65
  3. ↑ Medieval tower hill , geodaten.bayern.de, accessed on December 28, 2012
  4. ↑ 2011 - Renovation of the pond on the tower hill in Hainzendorf , lpv-lkr-lichtenfels.de, accessed on December 28, 2012