Burgstall on the Heideknock

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Burgstall on the Heideknock
Alternative name (s): Leuchnitz Castle, Old Castle, Old Castle
Castle type : Höhenburg, spur location
Conservation status: Castle stable, ditches and remnants of walls have been preserved
Standing position : Gentry
Place: Weismain - Arnstein - "Heideknock"
Geographical location 50 ° 2 '5.2 "  N , 11 ° 12' 8"  E Coordinates: 50 ° 2 '5.2 "  N , 11 ° 12' 8"  E
Height: 465.4  m above sea level NHN
Burgstall on the Heideknock (Bavaria)
Burgstall on the Heideknock
Wall ditch remains on the Heideknock (January 2013)

The Burgstall on the Heideknock (alternative names : Altes Schloss, Alte Burg) is the remainder of a medieval spur castle on a former Celtic section fortification above the Kleinziegenfelder valley in Upper Franconia . It was probably about Leuchnitz Castle, the ancestral castle of the noble free von Leuchnitz family mentioned from 1165 onwards. Together with a hilltop settlement of the Urnfield culture and the late Hallstatt / early La Tène period as well as the Heideknock cave with finds from the Urn field culture, the late Hallstatt / early La Tène period and the Middle Ages, the Burgstall is a protected ground monument and is listed by the Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation under monument number D-4 -5933-0083 led.

Geographical location

The Postal is on the heath Knock, one to the east in the Kleinziegenfelder valley advanced spur about 800 meters south of Arnstein , located in two small plateaus divided. and to the east, south and north is protected by the precipice of the rocks. The highest point is 465.4  m above sea level. NHN .

description

Prehistoric facility

The facility is protected in the west by a three-meter-wide, flattened section wall with an upstream 21-meter-wide and three to four-meter deep neck ditch . The highest point of the wall is at its southern end. This could have been a prehistoric fortification, since Iron Age shards in this area suggest a settlement of the place at this time.

Leuchnitz Castle

In the inner plateau there is a second independent weir system as a multi-tiered wall-ditch system, which was attributed to a medieval fortification due to the construction method. The system delimits the northern, approximately 50 × 90 meter large plateau from the southern and the rest of the Jura plateau. The area is 97 meters long in north-south direction and an average of 40 meters wide. In the north, east and south-east the castle site drops steeply into the Kleinziegenfelder valley.

The wall-trench system is structured as follows: The core is a 21-meter-wide and 4 to 5-meter deep neck trench , on the inner side of which there is a not completely preserved wall. An outer wall was built up in front of the neck ditch, which surrounds the entire castle site and is about 100 meters long. In front of it is another trench about 10 meters wide, carved out of the rock, which is only preserved in the southern part. In front of this is a third wall, which separated the Burgstall from the second plateau. Due to a 2.5 meter wide gap in all ramparts, it can be concluded that the access to the castle was on the south-eastern edge of the castle site, directly on the steep slope. In the vicinity of the entrance, inside the formerly leveled area, two rectangular excavations and an embankment can be seen . A bronze belt fitting found in the 1980s from the time of the Salians supports the dating of the castle to the first half of the 12th century.

history

The former castle was first mentioned in 1165 as the property of "Stevinc and Ludewig de Luchinze". The Leuchnitz family can be traced back to 1118. In 1232, a "Cuonrad de Luochenz" appeared in a document as a Meran ministerial , which suggests that the castle was still standing at that time. It is believed that it remained in the possession of the noble free von Leuchnitz until its destruction after 1232. According to oral tradition, the complex had already fallen into disrepair around 1340. The field name Old Castle or Old Castle has been preserved.

literature

  • Alois Dechant, Gerhard W. Peetz: hiking guide Weismain . Marie Link Verlag, Kronach 2010.
  • Georg Söhnlein: 2nd encounter with Franconia . Heinrichs-Verlag, Bayerische Verlags-Anstalt, Bamberg 2008, ISBN 978-3-89889-132-5 , pp. 10-11.
  • Ingrid Burger-Segl: Archaeological forays into Meranierland am Obermain . District of Upper Franconia, Bayreuth 2006, ISBN 3-9804971-7-8 , pp. 133-136.
  • Björn-Uwe Abels : Guide to archaeological monuments in Bavaria, Franconia Volume 2: Archaeological Guide Upper Franconia . Konrad Theiss Verlag, Stuttgart 1986, ISBN 3-8062-0373-3 , p. 191.
  • Klaus Schwarz: The prehistoric and early historical monuments in Upper Franconia . (Material booklets on Bavarian prehistory, series B, volume 5). Verlag Michael Lassleben, Kallmünz 1955, pp. 119–120.
  • Hellmut Kunstmann : Castles in Upper Franconia, ownership, building history and fates. Part 2: The castles of the noble families in the Obermaing area . Verlag EC Baumann, Kulmbach 1955, pp. 21-23.

Web links

Commons : Heideknock  - Collection of Images

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Abels (1986), p. 191
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Burger-Segl (2006), p. 133
  3. ^ Section fortification , hill settlement and cave , geodaten.bayern.de, accessed on December 28, 2012
  4. ↑ a b Topographic map of Bavaria - Heideknock (Kleinziegenfelder Tal) , geoportal.bayern.de, accessed on December 28, 2012
  5. ↑ a b c d e Dechant (2010), p. 52
  6. ↑ a b c Söhnlein (2008), pp. 10–11.
  7. ↑ a b c Entry on the Old Castle (Heidenknock, Heidknock) in the private database "Alle Burgen". Retrieved September 15, 2015.