Burwell (Cambridgeshire)
| Burwell | |||
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| Coordinates | 52 ° 17 ′ N , 0 ° 20 ′ E | ||
| OS National Grid | TL589665 | ||
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| Residents | 6309 | ||
| surface | 24.7 km² (9.54 mi² ) | ||
| Population density: | 255 inhabitants per km² | ||
| administration | |||
| Post town | Cambridge | ||
| ZIP code section | CB25 | ||
| prefix | 01638 | ||
| Part of the country | England | ||
| region | East of England | ||
| Shire county | Cambridgeshire | ||
| District | East Cambridgeshire | ||
| British Parliament | South East Cambridgeshire | ||
| Website: http://www.burwellparishcouncil.gov.uk | |||
Burwell [ ˈbɝːwɛl ] is a larger village and parish in Cambridgeshire , England, about 10 miles north-east of Cambridge . It is located on the southeastern border of the marshes of East Cambridgeshire . The marshes near the village are drained by the artificial waterways of the Cambridgeshire Lodes . Burwell is located on the canal of the same name, which played a major role in the development of the place.
history
Origin of name
The name "Burwell" is derived from the Old English root for a fortification ( burh- ) near a source ( -well ). A spring near the 12th century Burwell Castle is considered to be the eponymous landscape form. The place can already be found in the Domesday Book in the spelling Burwelle, Burwella and Burwelle.
Early settlements
Traces of human activities can be found in the area around Burwell in the Stone Age , Bronze Age finds then indicate agricultural use and permanent settlement. The area remained permanently settled; there are numerous finds from Roman times , including the remains of a settlement north of today's church. The area of today's Burwell continued to be used intensively for agriculture, possibly the oldest parts of the local canal system also date from Roman times.
Middle Ages and Modern Times
Burwell remained an agricultural and fishing settlement in the Middle Ages , stretching mainly along the main road. Various inns can be identified since 1587 . Agriculture was initially characterized by four to five smaller manor houses , the largest and longest active part of the property of Ramsey Abbey . Over the centuries, the large property was further divided until there were more than 130 farms of various sizes in the middle of the 20th century.
The marshland was used in a variety of ways and in the course of time larger and larger parts of them were drained in order to cultivate and raise livestock on the land.
Important sources of energy were water mills and windmills, of which hardly any signs can be found today. A functioning weekly or annual market could not be established in Burwell, but various shops opened up along the main street to meet local needs.
Until the end of the 17th century, the main part of the administration took place over Ramsey Manor, the manor house of the former Ramsey Abbey. After that, the responsibilities shifted more and more to an independent municipal administration.
Two churches can be found in Burwell over several centuries. The church of St. Marys, which is still used as a church today, was first administered by the Abbey of Ramsey, and in 1544 church patronage went to the University of Cambridge . The church of St. Andrews, demolished in 1772, was a founding of Fordham Abbey , under the same name there was a modern church from the end of the 19th century to the middle of the 20th century.
Burwell Castle
The remains of the unfinished Burwell Castle lie on the southwestern edge of the village. Today nothing is left of the stone constructions of the castle complex, but the location of the moats and earth walls is still very clear.
The Barn Fire disaster
On September 8, 1727, a tragic accident occurred, which is still remembered today by an old tombstone in the churchyard of St Mary's and a plaque in the village. The idea of a traveling puppet theater was (Engl. In a barn barn ) near the center held. As the rush from Burwell and the surrounding areas was very large, the gates were nailed up after the barn was filled with visitors to prevent more people from pushing into the building. The knocked over lantern of a rejected visitor quickly developed a fire, which most of the people in the barn could no longer escape due to the closed doors. About 80 visitors, 2/3 of them children, perished. Her remains were buried in a communal grave in Burwell.
On February 26, 1774, the newspaper "Ipswich Journal" published an article according to which a recently deceased admitted before his death that he had started the fire because he wanted to harm the owner of the puppet theater.
geography
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The place is roughly in the middle of a triangle made up of Cambridge , Ely and Newmarket . Immediate neighboring towns are Swaffham Prior , Reach , Soham and Exning . The nearest town of Newmarket, 4 miles away, is already in Suffolk .
Like all of England, Burwell belongs to the temperate climate zone , but due to its location on the east side of the island, it has a somewhat more balanced and drier climate than the western parts of the country. The rainfall is pretty evenly distributed over the year.
The main road of the village runs roughly on the border between the slightly higher lying heathland in the south of the municipality and the low marshes in the north. In the area of the parish there is only a small closed forest area "Priory Wood", which lies west of Burwell between the place and the borders of the marsh lands. The forest was created in 1998 and is managed by the Woodland Trust .
population
Population development
In the early tax estimates and the censuses that took place every 10 years from the 19th century onwards, the following figures were determined for the town of Burwell:
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In the census years that were missing from the 19th century either no census took place or Burwell was not explicitly recorded.
Burwell Affiliates
- Geoffrey de Mandeville, 1st Earl of Essex († 1144), died near Burwell.
- Edward Fitzball (1793–1873), theater director, born in Burwell.
- Marjory Stephenson (1885–1948), biochemist, born in Burwell.
administration
Burwell is a separate parish with a board of directors that takes care of local affairs. His responsibilities include the administration of the community centers, the public outdoor facilities such as playgrounds and parks, the cemetery and the inner-city streets. The next higher-level administrative unit is the County East Cambridgeshire .
The boundaries of local administrative districts have consistently changed slightly over the course of history. The boundary between Burwell and Swaffham Prior has remained very stable and has been formed by the Devil's Dyke since records began . The boundaries with the parishes of Newmarket and Exning are also the boundaries between the counties of Cambridgeshire and Suffolk . The current administrative structure is based on the Local Government Act 1972 .
Infrastructure
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Burwell is connected to the road network via the road from Cambridge to Mildenhall (B1102), the direct road connection to Newmarket is via the B1103.
Local public transport is provided by a bus route between Cambridge and Newmarket. From 1884 to 1965 Burwell was connected to the British rail network. The station was closed to passenger traffic in 1962 and later demolished. Today the street names "Railway Close" and "Station Gate" in the western part of the village are reminiscent of the train station. On the road to Newmarket you can still see the former course of the railway line.
The Burwell Lode canal is navigable to the outskirts. It connects Burwell to the River Cam via the Reach Lode Canal and thus to the entire British waterway network.
economy
The economy in Burwell has long been characterized by agriculture and ranching in the higher parts and fishing in the lower wetlands. Until well into the 18th century, the marshland retained their condition as damp swamps, in which reeds were primarily harvested and peat was extracted. These products fetched good prices in the markets further south. In the course of the 19th century, large parts of the marshland were drained and have been used as grassland ever since .
From the beginning of the 19th century to the middle of the 20th century, Clunch and Koprolith were mined in the vicinity of the village and partly processed on site. Since the 1830s there was a brick factory in the village that produced for local and regional needs and was closed in 1971. In the second half of the 20th century, the town's largest employer was a cardboard factory, which was closed around 1999 and then demolished.
Burwell in the early 21st century
There are three church buildings in Burwell. The largest and oldest is the 15th century listed building Saint Mary the Virgin of the Church of England in the High Street at the southern end of the village. Nearby is the small Trinity Church of the Methodists , the much larger Baptist church is in the northern part of the village. The nearest Roman Catholic Church is in Newmarket. The chapel of Burwell Cemetery is shared by all denominations.
There are three football clubs in town , the "Burwell Tigers", the "Burwell Swifts" and the "Burwell Swallows", which specialize in youth football . There is a cricket club , other sports, e.g. B. table tennis are offered through the local sports center.
There are various facilities in Burwell for the care of preschool children. For school education, the primary school Burwell Village College is initially available in the village itself and then mostly the Bottisham Village College in one of the neighboring villages. There are secondary schools in Cambridge .
Burwell hosts an annual carnival in June, the proceeds of which are mainly donated to local charity.
A town partnership has existed since 1996 with the French town of Lizy-sur-Ourcq and its neighboring communities Mary-sur-Marne and Ocquerre .
Since 1992 there near the last windmill in the local museum Burwell Museum, which gives an overview of local history. In addition to the windmill, there is a large number of reconstructed buildings that depict former life in the marshland.
literature
- Wareham, Wright: A History of the County of Cambridge and the Isle of Ely . tape 10 , 2002, p. 324-369 ( online [accessed December 13, 2017]).
- Burwell and Reach topographic map from 1892
- Cambridgeshire Extensive Urban Survey: Burwell. Draft Report 05/22/2003. Cambridge: Cambridge County Council.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Local Area Report for Burwell on the information system nomisweb of the Office for National Statistics ; accessed on March 5, 2018.
- ↑ Burwell . English Church Architecture. Archived from the original on December 19, 2011. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved November 13, 2011.
- ↑ Reference to the Domesday Book in the National Archives ; accessed on February 28, 2018.
- ↑ Example of a stone ax found near Burwell Castle ; accessed on February 28, 2018.
- ↑ Example of a hoard find with weapons and tools ; accessed on February 28, 2018.
- ↑ Example of a Bronze Age grave find ; accessed on February 28, 2018.
- ↑ Example of Iron Age earthworks ; accessed on February 28, 2018.
- ↑ Example of a find of settlement remains ; accessed on February 28, 2018.
- ^ Finds from the Roman settlement in Burwell ; accessed on February 28, 2018.
- ↑ a b c Economic history of Burwell see: Wareham, Wright: A History of the County of Cambridge and the Isle of Ely . tape 10 , 2002, p. 347–356 ( online [accessed December 13, 2017]).
- ↑ On the development of the administration of Burwell see: Wareham, Wright: A History of the County of Cambridge and the Isle of Ely . tape 10 , 2002, p. 356–358 ( online [accessed March 2, 2018]).
- ↑ For the history of the churches in Burwell see: Wareham, Wright: A History of the County of Cambridge and the Isle of Ely . tape 10 , 2002, p. 358-364 ( online [accessed March 5, 2018]).
- ^ Entry for February 26, 1774 in the archives of the Ipswich Journal ; accessed on February 28, 2018.
- ^ Management plan for the Priory Wood on the homepage of the Woodland Trust ; accessed on December 14, 2017.
- ^ Wareham, Wright: A History of the County of Cambridge and the Isle of Ely . tape 10 , 2002, p. 334–341 ( online [accessed February 28, 2018]).
- ↑ Historic Census Population Figures 1801-2001 ( Memento June 9, 2011 on the Internet Archive ), published by Cambridgeshire County Council in 2010.
- ↑ data of the 2011 census the municipality Burwell on the information portal nomisweb the Office for National Statistics ; accessed on December 11, 2017.
- ↑ Tasks of the municipal administration . Retrieved November 13, 2017.
- ↑ Route of the bus route through Burwell on the homepage of the operating company ; accessed on December 13, 2017.
- ^ History of Burwell Railway Station ; accessed on December 14, 2017.
- ↑ Historical map of the area around Burwell with the location of the station and the course of the railway line ; accessed on December 14, 2017.
- ↑ Description of the canal system connected to the River Cam ; accessed on December 14, 2017.
- ↑ History of coprolite mining in Cambridgeshire ( Memento of the original from April 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ; accessed on December 14, 2017.
- ↑ Explanation on an aerial photo of the Burwell cardboard factory ; accessed on December 14, 2017.
- ↑ History of St Mary's in Burwell ; accessed on December 15, 2017.
- ^ Location and address of the Baptist Church ; accessed on December 15, 2017.
- ↑ List of Christian religious communities in Burwell ; accessed on December 15, 2017.
- ^ Homepage of the "Burwell Tigers" ; accessed on December 12, 2017.
- ↑ Twitter account of the "Burwell Swifts" ; accessed on December 12, 2017.
- ^ Homepage of the "Burwell Swallows" ; accessed on December 12, 2017.
- ↑ Homepage of the "Burwell Cricket Club" ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ; accessed on December 12, 2017.
- ^ Description of the "Burwell Community Sports Center" ; accessed on December 12, 2017.
- ^ Homepage of the school Burwell Village College ; accessed on December 14, 2017.
- ↑ List of opportunities for school education on the town's homepage ; accessed on December 13, 2017.
- ^ Homepage of the Burwell Carnival Organization ; accessed on December 12, 2017.
- ^ Description of the town twinning on the Burwell homepage ; accessed on December 12, 2017.
- ↑ Homepage of the local association for town twinning ; accessed on December 12, 2017.
- ^ Homepage of the Burwell Museum of Local History ; accessed on December 14, 2017.
Web links
- burwell.co.uk ; General information about the place and municipality
- Cambridgeshire Churches: St Mary's, Burwell