Cachoeira

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Município de Cachoeira Cachoeira
Aerial view
Cachoeira
Coordinates	12 ° 37 ′  S , 39 ° 57 ′  W Coordinates: 12 ° 37 ′  S , 39 ° 57 ′  W
Location of the municipality in the state of Bahia
Symbols
coat of arms flag
founding	1531 first settlement (489 years), March 13, 1837 (183 years)
Basic data
Country	Brazil
State	Bahia
height	50 m
Waters	Rio Paraguaçu
climate	tropical, Af
surface	394.9 km²
Residents	32,026 (2010)
density	81.1  Ew. / km²
estimate	33,470 (July 1, 2019)
Parish code	IBGE : [1]
Post Code	44300-000
Telephone code	(+55)  75
Time zone	UTC −3
Website	cachoeira.ba.gov (Brazilian Portuguese)
politics
City Prefect	Fernando Antônio da Silva (2017-2020)
Political party	PSDB
Culture
Patron saint	Nossa Senhora do Rosario
economy
GDP	494,150 thousand R $ 14,063  R $ per person  (2017)
HDI	0.647 (medium) (2010)
The old railway bridge built by the Emperor Dom Pedro II connects the two banks of the river.

The place Cachoeira , officially Portuguese Município de Cachoeira , German waterfall , is about 40 kilometers up the Rio Paraguaçu in the state of Bahia in Brazil and is the last navigable place on the river. Its origins go back to the conquest of Brazil. Cachoeira is conveniently located in the middle of a large sugar cane and tobacco growing area and was historically the center of slavery in Brazil - especially Yoruba and Gbe- speaking Africans were deported here - and an important place of the Orisha cult. Tobacco and palm oil production as well as tourism during the festas are important industries in the region today. In 2019 the place had an estimated 33,470 inhabitants (IBGE); the total area of ​​the municipality is around 395 km².

geography

Surrounding cities are Conceição da Feira , Santo Amaro , Saubara , São Félix , Maragogipe , Governador Mangabeira and Muritiba .

The biome is the Mata Atlântica . The city has a tropical climate, Af according to the Köppen and Geiger climate classification . The average temperature is 24.3 ° C. The average rainfall is 1268 mm per year. In the southern summer there is less rainfall in Cachoeira than in the southern winter.

The Rio Paraguaçu drains into the All Saints Bay and is navigable upstream from the city with flat boats.

history

Before the conquest, the area of ​​Cachoeira was inhabited by the Tupinambá . Under the Portuguese, Cachoeira was a crossroads of important trade routes, where products from the Sertão and Minas Gerais were brought to Salvador da Bahia , which at that time was still the capital of Brazil. In 1698, Cachoeira received city rights and called itself Vila de Nossa Senhora do Rosário do Porto da Cachoeira do Paraguaçu , as the place is near waterfalls of the Paraguaçu River.

The cultivation of sugar cane, cassava and the extraction of gold in the nearby Rio das Contas, the development of the first roads in the Sertão , through which the cattle trade was carried out, and the expansion of the river port of Cachoeira and later that of the railroad led to an intensification of the Trade in the 18th and 19th centuries. Cachoeira played an essential role in the struggle for Brazilian independence from 1821 onwards. On June 25, 1822, the residents here proclaimed Brazil's independence from Portugal, which led to shelling by a Portuguese ship. On June 28, 1822, the citizens of Cachoeira, joined by Afro-Brazilians and mestizos from Salvador, won the first battle in the struggle for independence and stormed the ship stuck in the mud.

In 1855, a cholera epidemic raged, especially among black slaves. After their release in 1888, they streamed into the cities and worked in cigars and textiles as well as in retail.

Ethnic composition

Ethnic groups according to the statistical classification of the IBGE (status 2000 with 30,416 inhabitants, status 2010 with 32,026 inhabitants):

group	Share 2000	Share 2010	annotation
Brancos	3,447	▼ 3.413	Whites, descendants of Europeans
Pardos	18,214	▼ 15.604	Mixed races, mulattos , mestizos
Pretus	7,777	▲ 12,265	black
Amarelos	135	▲ 648	Asians
Indigenous people	227	▼ 95	indigenous population
without specification	546	-

Culture

In Cachoeira - after Salvador da Bahia - most of the Baroque buildings of the State of Bahia are still preserved; however, many are threatened with decay.

The Candomblé traditions are also still alive in the region. The Irmandade de Nossa Senhora de Boa Morte is an old sisterhood of Afro-Brazilian women and mestizo women, known for its festivals and rituals for over 230 years.

Cachoeira was declared a National Historic Monument of Brazil by the Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional (IPHAN) in 1973, No. 843.

Attractions

• Rio Paraguaçu
• Vila de Belém de Cachoeira
• Casa da cámera e cadeia (formerly the government palace)
• Capela Nossa Senhora da Penha (formerly the Carmelite monastery church )
• Monastery of Sao Francisco do Paraguaçu
• Bridge of Emperor Dom Pedro II

Sons and daughters

• Antônio de Mendonça Monteiro (1907–1972), Catholic clergyman, Bishop of Bonfim
• André Rebouças (1838–1898), engineer and abolitionist

Others

Cachoeira plays a role u. a. in João Ubaldo Ribeiro's literary panorama of Brazilian independence and unification Viva o Povo Brasileiro (1984; German: Basilien, Brazil 1988).

Web links

Commons : Cachoeira  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• City Citizen Portal (Brazilian Portuguese)
• City Council website , Câmara Municipal (Brazilian Portuguese)
• IBGE : Cidades @ Bahia: Cachoeira - Panorama. (Brazilian Portuguese). 

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Climate data , accessed on June 4, 2020.
2. ↑ Carole Elizabeth Boyce Davies (Ed.): Encyclopedia of the African Diaspora: Origins, Experiences, and Culture. Vol. 1, p. 239 f.
3. ↑ IBGE : Sistema IBGE de Recuperação Automática - SIDRA: Tabela 2093. Retrieved on June 4, 2020 (Portuguese, database query, search terms Cachoeira (BA) and Cor ou raça). 
4. ↑ Festa de Boa Morte