Caldana (Tuscany)

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Caldana
CaldanaGavorranoPanorama2.jpg
Panorama of Caldana
Country Italy
region Tuscany
province Grosseto  (GR)
local community Gavorrano
Coordinates 42 ° 54 '  N , 10 ° 56'  E Coordinates: 42 ° 53 '43 "  N , 10 ° 55' 39"  E
height 178  m slm
Residents 906 (2011)
Telephone code 0566 CAP 58023

Caldana is a district of the municipality of Gavorrano in the province of Grosseto , Tuscany region in Italy .

geography

The place is about 4 kilometers southeast of the capital Gavorrano and about 20 kilometers northwest of the provincial capital Grosseto in the Maremma . Caldana is in the diocese of Grosseto and at 178 meters and has about 1000 inhabitants. The place today consists of four Rioni : Caldana Vecchia (old town), Borgo (suburb of the old town), Convento and Castagni . Giuncarico (also a district of Gavorrano) is about 3 km to the east, Ravi (Gavorrano) about 2 km to the north.

history

The place is mentioned for the first time in 940 as the Abbazia di San Bartolomeo a Sestinga (near Vetulonia ) and was under the influence of the Aldobrandeschi until the year 1000 . Name derives from the place ( Calidana ) were the former hot and sulfur-containing sources of near situated Bagnaccio . The first city walls were built in the 12th century, at that time the Alberti ruled the place, in the 13th century the place belonged to the Pannocchieschi family . In 1253 the place was first referred to as Castello . In 1328 the town of Massa Marittima submitted , but only eight years later the Malavolti from Siena received influence on government activities . 1374 is the place under the Salimbeni from Siena, which at that time was in a power struggle with the government in Siena (Governo dei Nove). After the defeat of the Salimbeni, the place came under the leadership of Santa Maria della Scala , which Caldana subordinated to Mariano da Scarlino . He gradually sold to the Bellanti family between 1468 and 1472 . On April 12, 1483 there was an uprising against the Bellanti, who were politically assigned to the Noveschi . Antonio Bellanti was killed in the process. The place was destroyed and remained without inhabitants. After the Noveschi returned to power in Siena under Pandolfo Petrucci in 1487 , the place went back to the Bellanti, who did not restore the place. After the defeat of the Republic of Siena by Florence in 1555, the Bellanti sold their properties to Marcello Austini on August 19, 1558. He led the place for the Medici as a fiefdom in the Grand Duchy of Tuscany , received the title of count from them and began to rebuild and populate the place. From 1562 to 1570 Lorenzo di Francesco Pomarelli (pupil of Baldassare Peruzzi ) built the city walls that still exist today in the form of a castle with four bastions and an access gate (city gate).

Attractions

The Church of San Biagio
  • Chiesa di San Biagio , main church (Chiesa Parrocchiale) in the town center. The building is attributed to Antonio da Sangallo the Elder because of its resemblance to the Church of Madonna di San Biagio in Montepulciano . The church was built in 1575, probably over an older church from the 13th century (of which the cellar rooms, called cantinoni , are still present) and contains the Austini coat of arms on the facade. The campanile dates from the first half of the 19th century. Inside, on the high altar, is the work of San Biagio Vescovo e San Guglielmo in adorazione del Crocifisso by Giuseppe Nicola Nasini as well as two works from the 17th century attributed to unknown Senese artists ( San Luca che dipinge la Madonna con il Bambino and Assunzione della Madonna ). The main altar itself was made from materials that were dismantled in the Cave di Portasanta not far from Caldana. The church also contains a relic of Blasius von Sebaste , who gave the church its name. In 1970 the church was restored.
  • Antica Chiesa di San Biagio , former church in the town center at the end of Via di Mezzo, which is now used as a rectory (Canonica). The building was built in the 13th century and was partly built on the old city walls. Parts of the facade (lower part) and the apse of the old church still exist today.
  • Oratorio di Sant'Antonio da Padova , was written in 1670 on the initiative of Annibale Bichi and his wife Anna Eleonora Austini. The stucco high altar dates from 1678 and was built by Domenico Notari from Lugano. On the sides of the altar are the paintings Apparizione della Madonna, di Cristo, di Sant'Antonio da Padova e di San Biagio a San Guglielmo in preghiera (left) and Angelo custode con il Bambino Gesù che contempla gli strumenti della Passione (right) both from the 17th century and attributed to unknown Senese artists. The current facade with the four pilaster strips dates from the 19th century.
  • Convento di Sant'Agostino , former monastery of the Augustinian order just outside (southwest) of Caldana. Was created in 1629 and was closed by Pope Innocent X in 1652 .
  • Cave di Porta Santa , also Porta Santa , or Cave di Caldana called former quarry for marble , that of the Campiglia Marittima and the Montagnola Senese is similar. The marble quarried here was u. a. also used in the Duomo of Siena , in Santa Maria di Provenzano in Siena, in the Duomo San Lorenzo in Grosseto as well as for the facade of the Cathedral of Florence . It is named after the quarries on Chios , whose marble was used for the Porta Santa ( Holy Gate ) in St. Peter's Basilica and which are similar to the material produced in Caldana. The marble was mined until the early 19th century and from 1935 to 1979. The types Portasanta Classico , Portasanta Moderno and Portasanta Fallani were mined .

traffic

  • The closest connection points to long-distance traffic are the connection points Giuncarico on the state road Strada Statale SS 1 ( Via Aurelia ), located approx. 10 km to the east, or the connection point Gavorrano Scalo , approx. 10 km to the north.

Sports

  • The place has a team that still today plays the historic sport Palla eh! operates.

particularities

The place has had a partnership with the Contrada Selva in Siena since June 18, 1994 . This originated from the Austini possessions in the Contrada Gallo, which later became the Contrada Selva.

The location was the setting for the ZDF series “ A House in Toscana ”, which was produced between 1990 and 1994.

photos

  • The Oratorio di Sant'Antonio da Padova in the Borgo of Caldana

  • The rectory and former church of San Biagio in the town center

  • The (only) medieval city gate in Caldana

  • The Portasanta quarries in Caldana

literature

  • Giuseppe Guerrini / Amministrazione Provinciale di Grosseto: Torri e Castelli della provincia di Grosseto. Nuova Immagine Edizioni, Siena 1999, ISBN 88-7145-154-6 , p. 51.
  • Giuseppe Guerrini (Ed.): La Diocesi di Grosseto. Il mio Amico Editrice, Roccastrada 1996.
  • Accademia dei Rozzi, Ettore Pellegrini (ed.): Fortificare con arte. Vicende storiche ed architettoniche di quattro castelli senesi. Torrita di Siena, Sarteano, Lucignano della Chiana, Caldana di Maremma. Editrice Il Lecchio, Siena / Monteriggioni 2009, pp. 179-201.
  • Emanuele Repetti: CALDANA nella Maremma di Grosseto. In: Dizionario Geografico Fisico Storico della Toscana (1833–1846). Online version of the University of Siena (pdf, Italian)
  • Cristina Gnoni Mavarelli, Maurizio Occhetti: Gavorrano. In: Bruno Santi: Guida Storico-Artistica alla Maremma. Nuova Immagine Edizioni, Siena 1995, ISBN 88-7145-093-0 , p. 67 f.
  • Bruno Santi (Ed.): I Luoghi della Fede. Grosseto, Massa Marittima e la Maremma. Arnoldo Mondadori Editore , Milan 1999, ISBN 88-04-46786-X , p. 135 ff.
  • Touring Club Italiano : Toscana. Milan 2003, ISBN 88-365-2767-1 , p. 862.

Web links

Commons : Caldana  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Emanuele Repetti: CALDANA nella Maremma di Grosseto.
  2. ↑ Official website of ISTAT ( Istituto Nazionale di Statistica ) on 2001 population figures in the province of Grosseto, accessed on December 16, 2015 (Italian)
  3. ↑ a b c d website Caldana Perla della Maremma
  4. ↑ a b c Bruno Santi (Ed.): I Luoghi della Fede. Grosseto, Massa Marittima e la Maremma.
  5. ↑ a b c d e f Ettore Pellegrini (Ed.): Fortificare con arte. Vicende storiche ed architettoniche di quattro castelli senesi.
  6. ↑ a b c d e f g Mavarelli / Occhetti: Gavorrano.
  7. ↑ cf. also: Michelangelo Gualandi: Memorie originali italiane risguardanti le belle arti, Volume 3. Bologna 1842 ( excerpts online from google books , accessed on December 16, 2015)
  8. ↑ a b c d Giuseppe Guerrini: La Diocesi di Grosseto.
  9. ↑ Probably come from the environment of Francesco Rustici and / or Deifebo Burbarini (Cristina Gnoni Mavarelli, Maurizio Occhetti: Gavorrano. P. 68)
  10. ↑ Luigi Marino (ed.): Cave storiche e risorse lapidee: documentazione e restauro. Alinea Editrice, Florence 2007 ( excerpts online from google books , accessed on December 16, 2015)