Shadow sedge

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Shadow sedge
Shadow sedge (Carex umbrosa)

Shadow sedge ( Carex umbrosa )

Systematics
Monocots
Commelinids
Order : Sweet grass (Poales)
Family : Sourgrass family (Cyperaceae)
Genre : Sedges ( Carex )
Type : Shadow sedge
Scientific name
Carex umbrosa
Host

The shadow sedge ( Carex umbrosa ) is a species of the genus of the sedge ( Carex ) of the sour grass family (Cyperaceae). It is common in Europe .

description

Habitus
Inflorescences
Inflorescence with fruit sacs

Vegetative characteristics

The shadow sedge grows as a hibernating green, perennial herbaceous plant and usually reaches heights of 20 to 50 centimeters. It grows in dense lawns and has no runners . The stiff, upright stem is often shorter than the later very elongated, flaccid leaves. The grass-green, stiff leaves are about 1.5 to 3 millimeters wide and often rough to the bottom at the edge. The lowest leaf sheaths dissolve into many gray to black-brown fibers and thus form a dense cluster of fibers.

Generative characteristics

The flowering time is mainly in the months of April to June. The entire inflorescence usually reaches a length of about 3 centimeters. The shadow sedge belongs to the variety of sedges in which the spikelets are shaped differently. The upper or the uppermost spikelets almost always contain only male flowers, while the lower or the lower almost always contain only female flowers. The one or two male spikelets are conical and rounded at the top with a length of 10 to 15 millimeters. The two to three female spikelets are close together and are short-cylindrical with a length of 7 to 15 millimeters; at least the bottom is short stalked. The lowest bract is membranous, has a 4 to 10 millimeter long sheath and a short, rough blade. The olive-brown bracts are obovate, more or less truncated and prickly due to the tapering, green central nerve. The densely hairy fruit sacs are obovate with a length of 2 to 3 millimeters and have a short, cylindrical beak .

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 66.

ecology

The shadow sedge is a mesomorphic hemicryptophyte .

The pollination is carried by the wind. The diaspores spread by the wind, by ants , Velcro spreading or self-spreading.

Occurrence

Carex umbrosa occurs in Europe from the Pyrenees in the west, across Central Europe , northern Italy , the northern Balkans to Russia and Japan. It is a temperate continental floral element .

It is rare in Central Europe ; it is completely absent in the Central European lowlands; otherwise it is absent in larger areas of Central Europe; it reaches the northern limit of its range in Central Europe. In Germany , the shadow sedge occurs mostly scattered in the central and southern area. However , it is absent in the northern lowlands . In Austria and Switzerland , they are found scattered or rarely in all federal states or cantons.

The shadow sedge grows in deciduous forests, forest meadows and grass lawns in moist, often shady locations. The shadow sedge thrives in loam or clay soils containing lime and sludge . It rises in the low mountain ranges and in the Alps on sometimes superficially decalcified soils at altitudes of up to about 1800 meters. It is a character type of the Carpinion association, but also occurs in the Luzulo-Fagetum or in higher altitudes in societies of the order Nardetalia.

Systematics

One can distinguish the following subspecies:

  • Carex umbrosa subsp. huetiana (Boiss.) Soó : It occurs in the Pyrenees, on the Balkan Peninsula, in Turkey and in the Caucasus.
  • Carex umbrosa subsp. pseudosabynensis T.V.Egorova : It occurs from Far Eastern Asian Russia to Korea and Japan.
  • Carex umbrosa subsp. sabynensis (Less. ex Kunth) Kük. : It occurs from the Caucasus and from European Russia to Japan.
  • Carex umbrosa subsp. umbrosa : It occurs in Europe.

literature

  • Konrad von Weihe (ed.): Illustrated flora. Germany and neighboring areas. Vascular cryptogams and flowering plants . Founded by August Garcke. 23rd edition. Paul Parey, Berlin / Hamburg 1972, ISBN 3-489-68034-0 .
  • Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald, Raimund Fischer: Excursion flora of Austria . Ed .: Manfred A. Fischer. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart / Vienna 1994, ISBN 3-8001-3461-6 .
  • Christian Heitz: School and excursion flora for Switzerland. Taking into account the border areas. Identification book for wild growing vascular plants . Founded by August Binz. 18th completely revised and expanded edition. Schwabe & Co., Basel 1986, ISBN 3-7965-0832-4 .
  • Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora . With the collaboration of Theo Müller. 6th, revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1990, ISBN 3-8001-3454-3 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e shadow sedge. In: FloraWeb.de.
  2. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  186 .
  3. ↑ a b c d e f Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Carex umbrosa. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved October 25, 2016.
  4. ↑ a b c d Dietmar Aichele, Heinz-Werner Schwegler: The flowering plants of Central Europe . 2nd Edition. tape 5 : Swan flowers to duckweed plants . Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-440-08048-X .

Web links

Commons : Shade Sedge ( Carex umbrosa )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files