Carl Hartlaub

Carl Hartlaub, Breslau 1912
Surname	Carl Otto Hartlaub
Association	Germany
Born	October 12, 1869 Bremerhaven , North German Confederation
Died	May 15, 1929 Bremen
Best Elo rating	2237 (1914) ( historical Elo rating )

Carl Otto Hartlaub (born October 12, 1869 in Bremerhaven ; † May 15, 1929 in Bremen ) was a lawyer and a well-known German chess player. He owes his certain fame as a chess player not so much to his skill level as his style, which was indebted to the so-called 'romantic' epoch of chess. He had a "fine sense for early, rapid and surprising attacks" ( Robert Hübner ) and was a bold "player of extraordinary imagination" ( Emanuel Lasker ) and combinatorial depth, of which in particular his collection of games, Dr. Hartlaub's glossy games bear witness.

Life

Carl Otto Hartlaub was born on October 12, 1869, “twelve three quarters in the morning” in Bremerhaven. His father (1839-1894) was a senior court attorney and notary with the same first name, whose father was also Carl and was initially a farmer in Holstein and later a manufacturer in Denmark. Hartlaub's mother was a 26-year-old housewife (* 1843) whose relatives, a general practitioner and obstetrician, helped with the birth together with a midwife. Hartlaub had three siblings, including a two years younger sister (1871-1960), who had had a double surname since their marriage. She became a pianist and founder of the Freiburg Richard Wagner Association and was the mother of the psychologist Hans Bender .

For professional reasons of the father, who had become a judge in Bremen, the family moved there in 1874. Here Hartlaub first attended secondary school from 1876 to 1881 and then secondary school . In 1882 the family moved again, as the father resigned the judge's office due to illness and moved the family's place of residence to Freiburg im Breisgau. There Hartlaub attended the Grand Ducal Gymnasium , where he graduated from high school in 1889. After studying law in Freiburg, Strasbourg, Munich and Göttingen from 1889 to 1894, he took up the profession of lawyer in Bremen. He also received his doctorate from 1899 to 1902 at the University of Freiburg. Finally, in 1904, he was also appointed a notary.

Hartlaub was part owner of the patent rights of Hamburg-based Deutsche Reklame-Automaten-GmbH , whose articles of association were signed on August 17, 1905. His stake was ℳ 10,000 for which he paid into the company. ${\displaystyle {\tfrac {10}{180}}}$

Since his youth, Hartlaub suffered from rheumatoid arthritis and a heart condition. The latter worsened particularly in the 1920s. He died on May 15, 1929 in Bremen.

chess

According to the preface to the book Dr. Hartlaub's brilliant games Hartlaub learned to play chess from his father, to whom he was able to set a tower at the age of 15. Even as a young man he liked to write chess compositions . As early as August, September and October 1887 - and thus still at the age of 17 - he published some tasks in the Südwestdeutsche Schachzeitung . This was followed by numerous other publications, especially since he remained loyal to composing problems throughout his life. He was a member of the Freiburg Chess Club , whose first club tournament he won in 1887 and whose strongest player he was at that time. In addition, he joined the Academic Chess Club in Munich in 1891 , at whose club championship, which was held as a summer tournament, in the same year he was awarded 3rd – 5th. Took place. In 1896 he also became a member of the Bremer Schachgesellschaft von 1877 (BSG), whose president he became in 1923, whose club title he won four times between 1907 and 1916 and whose membership he held until his death in 1929. He was also a strong blitz player. "As was to be expected," it said on the occasion of the BSG's first blitz tournament , "the attacking player par excellence, Dr. Hartlaub, won first prize." In addition, he became an honorary member of the Wiesbaden Chess Club in 1927 "because of his services to the chess matter" . As part of this honor he received a special award: As the crowning conclusion of the chess festival week held in Wiesbaden in August 1927 , Hartlaub's game against Hans Fahrni (Nuremberg 1906) was performed in the small hall of the Kurhaus as a living chess game , with the participation of the extras from the Wiesbadener State theater .

XVIII. Congress of the German Chess Federation, Breslau 1912, top row, seventh from the left in a black suit: Carl Hartlaub

Simultaneous games against Lasker

His victory against the simultaneously playing world champion Lasker on January 28, 1904 in Bremen attracted national attention . In addition to the result, it was not only the shortness of the game that was remarkable, but also the way in which the world champion lost:

Hartlaub-Lasker, Bremen 1904

	a	b	c	d	e	f	G	H
8th									8th
7th									7th
6th									6th
5									5
4th									4th
3									3
2									2
1									1
	a	b	c	d	e	f	G	H

Position before 16. Qd1 – e1

Hartlaub-Lasker, Bremen 1904, simultaneous

1. e2 – e4 e7 – e5 2. Bf1 – c4 Nb8 – c6 3. Ng1 – f3 Ng8 – f6 4. d2 – d4 e5xd4 5. 0–0 Nf6xe4 6. Rf1 – e1 d7 – d5 7. Bc4xd5 Qd8xd5 8. Sb1-c3 Dd5-d8 9. Te1xe4 + Bc8-e6 10. Sf3xd4 Sc6xd4 11 Te4xd4 Qd8-c8 12. L c1-f4 Bf8-e7 13 Sc3-b5 Le7-d8 14 Td4xd8 + Dc8xd8 15 Sb5xc7 + Ke8-e7 (see Diagram) 16. Qd1 – e1 Qd8 – c8 17. De1 – b4 + Ke7 – f6 18. Qb4 – c3 + Kf6 – e7 19. Qc4 – c5 + Ke7 – d8 20. Ra1 – d1 + Be6 – d7 21. Nc7 – e6 + and in consideration from 21.… Ke8 22. Nxg7 + Kd8 23. Bg5 + f6 24. Bxf6 # gave Lasker to 1: 0

This game was first published in the chess column of the Bremer Nachrichten , which was headed by the then President of the Bremen Chess Society , Rudolph Presuhn. He comments: “The leader of the whites played the game masterfully from start to finish. Since he had 33 times as much time at his disposal as his opponent, the simultaneous player, he will probably put up with it if some laurel leaves should be removed from the winner's wreath of glory on the occasion of this advantageous circumstance. "

Four years later, Lasker gave another simultaneous in Bremen. Again, he played against Hartlaub, who beat the world champion a second time, this time even shorter and more spectacular than before:

Hartlaub-Lasker, Bremen 1908

	a	b	c	d	e	f	G	H
8th									8th
7th									7th
6th									6th
5									5
4th									4th
3									3
2									2
1									1
	a	b	c	d	e	f	G	H

Position after 7.Nf3xe5

Hartlaub-Lasker, Bremen 1908, simultaneous

1. e2 – e4 e7 – e5 2. Bf1 – c4 Ng8 – f6 3. Ng1 – f3 Nf6xe4 4. Nb1 – c3 Ne4xc3 5. d2xc3 f7 – f6 6. 0–0 c7 – c6 7. Nf3xe5 (see diagram) d7 –D5 8. Qd1 – h5 + g7 – g6 9. Ne5xg6 h7xg6 10. Dh5xh8 d5xc4 11. Bc1 – h6 Bc8 – e6 12. Dh8xf8 + Ke8 – d7 13. Ra1 – d1 + Be6 – d5 14. Rf1 – e1 Nb8 – a6 15th. Qf8 – f7 + Kd7 – d6 16. Rd1xd5 + c6xd5 17. Re1 – e6 + 1: 0

Only from around 1905 did he draw attention to himself in close-up chess. He won in free games against strong masters such as Curt von Bardeleben (Cologne 1905), Richard Teichmann (Hamburg 1909) and Paul Saladin Leonhardt (Hamburg 1910), but he also lost against many weaker players. This was due to his risky attack game, which allowed him some remarkable victories, but which was also often refuted. Because of his style, he was also called the "sacrificial king of Bremen".

Hartlaub's highest historical rating is 2237; this calculation is based on four tournaments (plus two playoffs) with a total of 22 games from the years 1912–1914.

Chess compositions

Carl Hartlaub
Süddeutsche Schach-Zeitung August 14, 1887
(Hartlaub's first published composition)

	a	b	c	d	e	f	G	H
8th									8th
7th									7th
6th									6th
5									5
4th									4th
3									3
2									2
1									1
	a	b	c	d	e	f	G	H

Checkmate in two moves

Solution:

1. Kb4xc3 (threatens 2. Kc3 – d3 mate )

1. ... L any except e4, 1. ... S any, 1. ... B any, 1. ... K any 2. Kc3 – d3 mate
1.… Bc6 – e4 + 2. Kc3 – b4 frosted

Hartlaub was an extremely productive chess composer whose creative life spanned from 1887 to the end of the 1920s and thus spanned almost 40 years. At the age of 17 he published his first problems, which were followed by other publications both in the chess corners of various daily newspapers and in numerous chess magazines. In problem tournaments he occasionally took top places, but it was not until 1926 that he received a special award: he won first prize in the international problematic tournament of the respected chess column Dr. Birgfelds in the Chemnitzer Tageblatt . The judges of this tournament, to which over 400 compositions were submitted, were the well-known chess composers Ackermann, Birgfeld, Havel , Pauly and Sackmann .

Carl Hartlaub
Chemnitzer Tageblatt 1926, 1st prize

	a	b	c	d	e	f	G	H
8th									8th
7th									7th
6th									6th
5									5
4th									4th
3									3
2									2
1									1
	a	b	c	d	e	f	G	H

Checkmate in three moves

Solution:

1. Qa2 – f7! (threatens 2. Nf4 – d3)

1.… Ba6 – b7 2. c5xd6 L any 3. Qf7 – a7 mate
1.… Ba6 – c8 2. Nf4 – h3 Bc8xh3 3. Qf7 – f3 mate
1.… Ba6 – b5 2. Nf4 – d3 any 3. Qf7 –F3 mate
1.… Ba6 – c4 2. Nf4 – d5 + Bc4xd5 3. Qf7 – f3 mate
1.… Ba6 – e2 2. Nf4xe2 Ke3 – d3 3. Qf7 – b3 mate
1. ... d6 – d5 2. Qf7 –F6 Ba6xe2 3. Rb2xe2 mate

The reason for the award stated: "The idea of ​​the problem, which testifies to the extraordinary creative power of its creator with the most economical use of resources, lies in the many ways in which attack and defense of the various runner moves."

Hartlaub has also participated successfully in problem-solving tournaments on occasion . For example, he won first prize at the 6th Congress of the Lower Elbian Chess Federation by being the first to correctly solve the Dreizüger presented by Prof. Kissling in 18 minutes.

Opening theory

The Hartlaub Gambit was named after Carl Hartlaub , which is characterized by the following moves: 1. d2 – d4 e7 – e5 2. d4xe5 and now 2.… d7 – d6, as in von Schmidt-Hartlaub , Freiburg 1899. According to Hartlaub procured "[d] his gambit, so far neglected by the theory [...] the trailing, with rapid development of the queenside, a sustainable attack game"; according to today's theory, however, this pawn sacrifice is viewed as doubtful.

The following variant of the English defense can also be found under the same name Hartlaub Gambit , especially in the English-speaking world : 1. c2 – c4 b7 – b6 2. d2 – d4 Bc8 – b7 3. Nb1 – c3 e7 – e6 4. e2 – e4 and now 4.… f7 – f5, as in Carls -Hartlaub , Bremen 1920. In his comments on this game, Robert Huebner writes : The structure that Black chose in this game struck his contemporaries as completely absurd and flawed; but recently it has been used repeatedly even by well-known players. Here, however, 4.… Bb4 is always played […]. The idea for this pawn sacrifice came up with Dr. Hartlaub's keen sense for early, quick and surprising attacks already in the present game; but he misses the right way of doing it. At this point in time, the f-pawn is premature .

In addition, the following line is sometimes referred to as the "Hartlaub variant" within the two-knight game : 1. e2 – e4 e7 – e5 2. Ng1 – f3 Nb8 – c6 3. Bf1 – c4 Ng8 – f6 4. d2 – d4 e5xd4 5. 0–0 Nf6xe4 6. Rf1 – e1 d7 – d5 7. Bc4xd5 Qd8xd5 8. Nb1 – c3 Qd5 – d8 9. Re1xe4 + Bf8 – e7 10. Nf3xd4 f7 – f5 and now - like for the first time in the game Hartlaub-Rodatz , Hamburg 1920 - 11th Bc1-h6.

Finally, a certain attack idea within the Tarrasch Defense is associated with his name, which he used for the first time in the game Hartlaub - Benary , Munich 1911, which was awarded a beauty prize : 1. d2 – d4 d7 – d5 2. c2 – c4 e7 – e6 3. Ng1 – f3 c7 – c5 4. e2 – e3 Nb8 – c6 5. Nb1 – c3 Ng8 – f6 6. a3 Bf8 – d6 7. d4xc5 Bd6xc5 8. b2 – b4 Bc5 – d6 9. Bc1 – b2 0–0 and now 10. Qd1 – c2. On the occasion of the game Tal - Aronin , Moscow 1957, in which the move was used again, Ernst Grünfeld pointed out this "old, half-forgotten, but strong" queen move , which initiates an attacking game that is not an easy task for defense .

List of tournament results

competition	place	Result / score	rank
1898
General tournament for members and non-members (substitute tournament instead of the VII. Congress of the Northwest German Chess Federation), master tournament	Bremen		1st place
1902
6th Congress of the Lower Elbian Chess Federation, problem-solving tournament	Bremen		1st place
1906
20th Foundation Festival of the Academic Chess Club in Munich, main tournament	Munich		2nd place
20th foundation festival of the Academic Chess Club in Munich, problem-solving tournament for two-men	Munich		1st place
1908
Winter tournament of the Bremen chess society	Bremen	13.5 / 16	1st place
Problem-solving tournament for three-moveers of the Bremen chess society	Bremen		1st place
1911
3rd Congress of the Bavarian Chess Federation, main tournament A	Munich	4/7 (+2 = 4 −1)	4th to 5th Place (shared with Stang - for his game against Benary he received the 1st beauty prize)
1912
18th Congress of the German Chess Federation, main tournament B3	Wroclaw	2.5 / 7 (+2 = 1 −4)	7th place
1913
16th Congress of the Lower Elbian Chess Federation, championship tournament	Hamburg	0/3 (+0 = 0 −3)	4th Place
2nd congress of the East Frisian-Oldenburg Chess Association, master tournament	Wilhelmshaven	4/5 (+4 = 5 −1)	1st place
1914
3rd Congress of the East Frisian-Oldenburg Chess Association, championship tournament	Oldenburg	3/4 (+3 = 0 −1) (stabbing fights: +2 = 0 −0)	1st - 3rd Place (shared with Carl Carls and Nagel; Hartlaub beat both of them in the stabbing fights and was therefore the only first)
17th Federal Festival of the Lower Elbian Chess Federation, championship tournament	Bremen		2nd place
1920
19th Congress of the Lower Elbian Chess Federation, Master Tournament B	Hamburg		1st – 2nd Place (shared with Woehl)
1924
23rd Congress of the Lower Elbian Chess Federation, problem-solving tournament for peasants two-move	Bremen		2nd place (shared with Arno Peter and Max Hogrefe)

Works

• Carl Hartlaub: The concept of solutions in compensation. Freiburg, Univ., Jur. Diss. Hauschild, Bremen 1902.
• Carl Hartlaub: Selected games by Dr. C. Hartlaub , in: The academic chess club Munich: Festschrift for the celebration of the 20th anniversary published with the participation of outstanding members. Munich 1906 , pp. 89-94.
• Carl Hartlaub: The Bremen Lloyd boatmen in front of the criminal chamber in Hamburg. Embezzlement. Acquittal in the retrial , in: Max Alsberg : Justizirrtum und Wiederaufnahme. With contributions from the lawyers Buhr (Cologne), Dr. Drucker (Leipzig), Giese (Dresden), Dr. Hartlaub (Bremen), Dr. K. Liebknecht (Berlin), Dr. Siegfried Löwenstein (Berlin), Dr. Luetgebrune (Göttingen), Counselor Dr. Mamroth (Breslau), Dr. Mengel (Gera), Counselor Dr. Niemeyer (Essen), Dr. Robert (Braunschweig), Dr. Werthauer (Berlin) and Dr. Westhaus (Düsseldorf). Langenscheidt, Berlin 1913, pp. 350-357 ( digitized version ).

literature

• Andreas Calic: My name - it doesn't matter. For the 150th birthday of the Bremen chess artist Carl Hartlaub . In: Karl 36 (2019), 1, pp. 50–54
• Ernst Grünfeld: Dr. Hartlaub's attack in the Tarrash defense can be competed again! , in: Schach-Echo , Vol. 15 (1957) Issue 11, pp. 173-174.
• Lev Gutman: Playback 5: Hartlaub variant 11. Bh6 , in: ders .: With offensive spirit against 5.… Nxe4 , in: Kaissiber , 28, 2007, pp. 22–51, here: pp. 38–43.
• Robert Huebner: Waste No. 40 , in: ChessBase Magazin 71 of August 12, 1999, pp. 30-36 (republished in: ders: Der Bremer Schachmeister Carl Carls . In: The century championship in chess. The German individual championship 1998 in Bremen and on the history of chess in the Hanseatic city, edited by Claus Dieter Meyer and Till Schelz-Brandenburg, Schünemann, Bremen 2001, pp. 237–306, there pp. 270–276).
• B. Kagan (Ed.): 11 short glossy parts by Dr. Hartlaub lawyer in Bremen. In: ders .: 300 short glossy games by first-class masters and amateurs glossed by C. v. Bard life. Booklet No. 6. 60 short glossy parts by various masters , pp. 121–126.
• Hanno Keller: Chess in Bremen. Part 1: The history of the Bremen chess society with consideration of the rest of the chess life in Bremen from 1877 to 1945. Unpublished manuscript, Bremen 1987.
• Hanno Keller: On the history of Bremen chess life , in: The championship of the century in chess. The German individual championship 1998 in Bremen and the chess history of the Hanseatic city . Edited by Claus Dieter Meyer and Till Schelz-Brandenburg. Schünemann, Bremen 2001, pp. 135-236; on Hartlaub see in particular p. 118 and p. 212.
• Friedrich Michéls (Ed.): Dr. Hartlaub's highlights. With a portrait of the author, an appendix (chess jokes and problems) and numerous diagrams. Second, completely revised and increased by more than 40 lots. Ronniger, Leipzig 1923 (1st edition E. Stein, Potsdam 1919).
• Helmut Wieteck: Dr. Hartlaub's highlights. On the 135th birthday and 75th anniversary of the death of the Bremen master , in: Rochade Europa , February 2, 2004, pp. 70–72.

Web links

• Playable chess games by Carl Hartlaub on chessgames.com (English)
• Compositions by Carl Hartlaub on the Schwalbe's PDB server
• Hartlaub's historic rating
• The Carl Hartlaub project of the Bremen Chess Society from 1877

Individual evidence

1. ↑ While he always wrote his first first name Carl in accordance with the birth register entry ( birth, copulation and death registers for the year 1869. Bremerhaven , register number 307; Bremerhaven City Archives) , the (incorrect) spelling Karl is often found, especially in official documents , so z. B. in the enrollment records from Freiburg (Freiburg University Archives, signature B 4/735) and Göttingen (Göttingen University Archives, Register 233 of November 3, 1893).
2. ↑ Robert Huebner: Waste No. 40 , in: ChessBase Magazin 71 of August 12, 1999, p. 32 (republished in ders: Der Bremer Schachmeister Carl Carls , in: The century championship in chess. The German individual championship 1998 in Bremen and on the history of chess in the Hanseatic city. Ed. by Claus Dieter Meyer and Till Schelz-Brandenburg. Bremen: Schünemann 2001, there p. 270f.)
3. ↑ cit. n. Helmut Wieteck: Dr. Hartlaub's highlights. On the 135th birthday and 75th anniversary of the death of the Bremen master , in: Rochade Europa Nr. 2, February 2004, p. 70
4. ↑ Birth, copulation and death registers for the year 1869. Bremerhaven , register number 307; Bremerhaven City Archives.
5. ^ Proof of matriculation for Carl Heinrich Gustav Hartlaub: matriculation number 159 of November 6, 1860 of the University of Göttingen, University Archives of Göttingen
6. ↑ Birth, copulation and death registers for the year 1869. Bremerhaven , register number 307; Bremerhaven City Archives; Address book of the free Hanseatic city of Bremen and the port cities of Vegesack, Bremerhaven, Geestemünde. Heinrich Stack, Bremen 1869, p. 30 and p. 12.
7. ↑ Cf. nik .: Through the world with Wagner. Josef Lienhart - baker and long-time president of the Richard Wagner Association International , in: Freiburg personally. A special supplement by Stadtkurier , issue 4, November 2012, p. 14.
8. ^ Carl Hartlaub: curriculum vitae , contained in the doctoral file in the Freiburg State Archives, call number B 4/735
9. ↑ Cf. Großherzogliches Gymnasium Freiburg i. B .: Annual report on the school year 1884/85 at the same time as invitation to the public examination on July 29th and 30th and to the final act on the 31st of the same month. With a scientific supplement from Professor Keller: 'Johann Kaspar Schiller's youth and years of military service'. University printing house, Freiburg i. B. 1885, p. 21, where "Karl [sic] Hartlaub von Bremerhaven" is listed as a student of Obertertia A.
10. ^ Carl Hartlaub: curriculum vitae , contained in the doctoral file in the Freiburg State Archives, call number B 4/735
11. ↑ In his curriculum vitae (signature B 4/735) contained in the doctoral file in the Freiburg State Archives, Hartlaub writes that from the winter semester of 1890 he studied "one after the other" in Strasbourg, Munich, Freiburg and Göttingen; In two small details this does not agree with the documents: according to the enrollment certificates also contained there, he was not only enrolled at the University of Freiburg for the semesters he mentioned from 1891 to 1893, but also from 1889 to 1890; and on the other hand, according to his curriculum vitae , he studied in Göttingen until SS 1895, while the enrollment certificates there including the diploma only go until SS 1894.
12. ↑ Promotion Act in the State Archive Freiburg, Signature B 4/735
13. ↑ Carl Hartlaub: The concept of solutions in compensation. Freiburg, Univ., Jur. Diss. Hauschild, Bremen 1902.
14. ↑ Documents for appointment as a notary in the Senate registry of the Bremen State Archives, StAB 3-N.4.Nr.32.
15. ↑ Hamburg Correspondent and New Hamburg Stock Exchange Hall as well as Hamburger Nachrichten from August 25, 1905.
16. ^ Carl Hartlaub: curriculum vitae , contained in the doctoral file in the Freiburg State Archives, call number B 4/735
17. ↑ P. Kruger: Chess competition Bremen against Amsterdam , in: Hamburger Nachrichten of October 17, 1926: "Dr. Hartlaub fell ill with a heart condition a few months ago. To our delight, his condition has improved remarkably, but he still has to rest easy . "
18. ↑ Friedrich Michéls: Dr. Carl Hartlaub (Bremen) † , in: Altonaer Nachrichten / Hamburg's newest newspaper of June 8, 1929: "Dr. Carl Hartlaub succumbed to his long and serious suffering. (...) When we saw Dr. Hartlaub (...) in the autumn of last year, he was already marked by death ".
19. ↑ civil register, the State Archive Bremen, Signature 4.60 / 5-1929-1745; often the wrong date of death turns 17 . May called, z. B. in Hübner 1998, p. 31 or in the historical Elo number calculated by Ron Edwards . There may be a mix-up with the date on which the entry in the civil status register was made.
20. ↑ Friedrich Michels: Dr. Hartlaub's highlights. With a portrait of the author, an appendix (chess jokes and problems) and numerous diagrams. 2nd, completely revised and increased by more than 40 lots. Ronniger, Leipzig 1923, p. IV.
21. ↑ Südwestdeutsche Schachzeitung II. Vol. 33, August 14, 1887, p. 1; ibid., Volume II, No. 39 of September 25, 1887, p. 1; ibid., Volume II, No. 40 of October 2, 1887, p. 1; Friedrich Michéls (Ed.): Dr. Hartlaub's highlights. With a portrait of the author, an appendix (chess jokes and problems) and numerous diagrams. Second, completely revised and increased by more than 40 lots. Ronniger, Leipzig 1923, p. 154 cites the incorrect information "IX. 1887" as the source, which means that the edition of 25.9. should be meant.
22. ↑ Pekka Kauppala and Peter Bolt: 100 years of chess in Freiburg. The history of the Freiburg Chess Club. Festschrift on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the 'Freiburger Schachfreunde 1887 eV' Freiburg i. Br. 1987, p. 12.
23. ↑ Friedrich Michels writes in the preface of brilliant games that Hartlaub won the tournament as "seventeen" (Friedrich Michels: Dr. Hartlaub's brilliant games second, completely reworked and increased by more than 40 games edition.. Ronniger, Leipzig 1923, s.IV ). If this is correct, then this must have been at the latest in 1887 and thus in the year the association was founded. Unfortunately the older documents of the association, which could support Michéls 'assertion, were destroyed in the Second World War (Pekka Kauppala and Peter Bolt: 100 years of chess in Freiburg. The history of the Freiburg chess club. Festschrift on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the' Freiburg Schachfreunde 1887 eV ' Freiburg i.Br. 1987, p. 9).
24. ↑ Pekka Kauppala and Peter Bolt: 100 years of chess in Freiburg. The history of the Freiburg Chess Club. Festschrift on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the 'Freiburger Schachfreunde 1887 eV' Freiburg i. Br. 1987, p. 9.
25. ↑ Academic Monthly for Chess , No. May 20, 1891, p. 4; see also Carl Hartlaub: Selected games by Dr. C. Hartlaub , in: The Academic Chess Club Munich: Festschrift for the celebration of the twentieth anniversary published with the participation of outstanding members. Munich 1906, pp. 89-94.
26. ↑ Academic monthly magazine for chess , No 22 & 23, July and August 1891, p. 8 - in the subsequent playoff for the place prizes he was defeated by Karstens, while Dusel, who was also tied on points, did not take part.
27. ↑ Bremer Schachgesellschaft of 1877: annual report for 1896 (unpublished), o. S., sheet 2, where it erroneously says "Hartaub" [sic].
28. ↑ Hartlaub was proposed and elected as first chairman in absentia; when he came later, he accepted the office. See Hanno Keller: Chess in Bremen. Part 1: The history of the Bremen chess society with consideration of the rest of the chess life in Bremen from 1877 to 1945. Unpublished manuscript, Bremen 1987, p. 189. - The documents of the Bremen chess society evaluated by Hanno Keller do not reveal whether Hartlaub is the chairman for held a year or two; In 1925 at the latest, he gave up the post on the board. He had already been elected 2nd chairman in 1914; see. ibid., p. 143.
29. ↑ 1907/08, 1911/12, 1913/14 (where he won all games) and 1915/16, where he shared 1st place with Carl Carls, whom he defeated in both games in the double-round tournament; see Hanno Keller: Chess in Bremen. Part 1: The history of the Bremen chess society with consideration of the rest of the chess life in Bremen from 1877 to 1945. Unpublished manuscript, Bremen 1987, p. 155 and p. 480.
30. ↑ Max Hogrefe: Schachspalte , in: Bremer Nachrichten of May 19, 1929, quoted from Hanno Keller: Schach in Bremen. Part 1: The history of the Bremen chess society with consideration of the rest of the chess life in Bremen from 1877 to 1945. Unpublished manuscript, Bremen 1987, p. 273.
31. ^ Hanno Keller: Chess in Bremen. Part 1: The history of the Bremen chess society with consideration of the rest of the chess life in Bremen from 1877 to 1945 , Bremen 1987, unpublished manuscript, p. 181
32. ↑ Max Hogrefe: Schachspalte , in: Bremer Nachrichten of October 19, 1927, quoted from Hanno Keller: Schach in Bremen. Part 1: The history of the Bremen chess society with consideration of the rest of the chess life in Bremen from 1877 to 1945. Bremen 1987. Unpublished manuscript, p. 256.
33. ↑ Wiesbadener Tagblatt, August 6, 1927.
34. ↑ Friedrich Michels: Dr. Hartlaub's highlights. 2nd, completely revised and increased by more than 40 lots. Ronniger, Leipzig 1923, pp. 81-83; see also Hanno Keller: Chess in Bremen. Part 1: The history of the Bremen chess society with consideration of the rest of the chess life in Bremen from 1877 to 1945. Unpublished manuscript, Bremen 1987, pp. 70–72.
35. ↑ Bremer Nachrichten of February 14, 1904, quoted from Friedrich Michels: Dr. Hartlaub's highlights. 2nd, completely revised and increased by more than 40 lots. Ronniger, Leipzig 1923, p. 83 (there without the date of the newspaper).
36. ↑ Friedrich Michels: Dr. Hartlaub's highlights. 2nd, completely revised and increased by more than 40 lots. Ronniger, Leipzig 1923, pp. 83f.
37. ↑ The calculation and its criteria can be found in Ron Edwards .
38. ↑ "A. Kohlrausch, Dr. von Rohden, the late lawyers Dr. Hartlaub and Dr. Hogrefe were the most productive problem composers of the traditional Bremen chess society" wrote Hermann Heemsoth in the chess corner of the Weserkurier , which he directed ; see Hermann Heemsoth: August Kohlrausch 80 years , in: Weserkurier from 30./31. March 1974.
39. ↑ So he attested z. B. 1924 shared 2nd place in the problem-solving tournament of the 23rd Congress of the Lower Elbian Chess Federation (1st prize was not awarded). The handicap included a pawnless double move, which Hartlaub fulfilled with the following position: W: Ka2, Qc4, Rd6, La3, Nh5 - S: Ke8, Rd8, Re8, Bc1, Bg4, Nd2, the solution move is 1. Rd7; see Hanno Keller: Chess in Bremen. Part 1: The history of the Bremen chess society with consideration of the rest of the chess life in Bremen from 1877 to 1945. Unpublished manuscript, Bremen 1987, p. 207. - cf. On this, Deutsches Wochenschach 1924, p. 131: "In the problem tournament (peasant 2-way) the three prizes were awarded equally to Dr. Hartlaub, Dr. Peter and Dr. Hogrefe, all in Bremen."
40. ^ Max Hogrefe: Schachspalte , in: Bremer Nachrichten of January 1, 1927, quoted from: Hanno Keller: Schach in Bremen. Part 1: The history of the Bremen chess society with consideration of the rest of the chess life in Bremen from 1877 to 1945. Unpublished manuscript, Bremen 1987, p. 221.
41. ↑ Deutsche Schachzeitung , No. 11, vol. 57, 1902, p. 357 ; see also Deutsches Wochenschach and Berliner Schachzeitung , 18th year, no. 43 of October 26, 1902, p. 355.
42. ^ The game was played on March 5, 1899; it is not to be confused with other games by the same opponents in the same year.
43. ↑ Deutsche Schachzeitung , Volume 54, No. 5, 1899, p. 140.
44. ↑ See e.g. B. Eric Schiller : Unorthodox Chess Openings , Cardoza Publishing, New York 1998, p. 123.
45. ↑ The game to replay can be found e.g. B. here
46. ↑ Hübner himself had to play against this black structure in his game against Anthony Miles in Bad Lauterberg in 1977 .
47. ↑ Robert Huebner: Waste No. 40 , in: ChessBase Magazin 71 of August 12, 1999, p. 32 (republished in ders: Der Bremer Schachmeister Carl Carls , in: The century championship in chess. The German individual championship 1998 in Bremen and on the history of chess in the Hanseatic city. Ed. by Claus Dieter Meyer and Till Schelz-Brandenburg. Bremen: Schünemann 2001, there p. 270f.)
48. ↑ Lev Gutman : With offensive spirit against 5.… Nxe4 , in: Kaissiber 28, pp. 22–51, for the Hartlaub variant see pp. 38–43.
49. ↑ The same idea in a similar place also exists within the Canal variant of the two-knight game: 1. e2 – e4 e7 – e5 2. Ng1 – f3 Nb8 – c6 3. Bf1 – c4 Ng8 – f6 4. d2 – d4 e5xd4 5. 0 -0 Nf6xe4 6. Rf1-e1 d7-d5 7. Nb1-c3; after the further moves 7.… d5xc4 8. Re1xe4 + Bf8 – e7 9. Nf3xd4 f7 – f5 can again be followed by 10. Bc1 – h6, which Keres describes as an “interesting sacrifice recommended by Hartlaub” and Pálkövi as an “extravagant move, through which white causes tremendous entanglements ”denote; both quotations from Lev Gutman: Esteban Canals Springerzug , in: Kaissiber 34, 2009, pp. 28–49, here: p. 32, according to which “this move does not work well here”.
50. ↑ Ernst Grünfeld: Dr. Hartlaub's attack in the Tarrash defense can be competed again! , in: Schach-Echo , Vol. 15 (1957) Issue 11, p. 173.
51. ^ Hanno Keller: Chess in Bremen. Part 1: The history of the Bremen chess society with consideration of the rest of the chess life in Bremen from 1877 to 1945. Unpublished manuscript, Bremen 1987, p. 5.
52. ↑ See Deutsche Schachzeitung 1911, p. 284.
53. ↑ XVIII. Congress of the German Chess Federation, eV Breslau 1912. (without indication of author). E. Riemann'sche Hofbuchhandlung, Coburg 1913, photo p. II, table p. 18–19 and games p. 181ff.
54. ^ The stitch games were played in Bremen on May 3, 1914; these as well as the tournament information from Hanno Keller: Schach in Bremen. Part 1: The history of the Bremen chess society with consideration of the rest of the chess life in Bremen from 1877 to 1945. Unpublished manuscript, Bremen 1987, p. 144; See also Neue Hamburger Zeitung (supplement) of May 9, 1914 .
55. ^ Hanno Keller: Chess in Bremen. Part 1: The history of the Bremen chess society with consideration of the rest of the chess life in Bremen from 1877 to 1945. Unpublished manuscript, Bremen 1987, p. 177
56. ↑ The first prize was not awarded; see Hanno Keller: Chess in Bremen. Part 1: The history of the Bremen chess society with consideration of the rest of the chess life in Bremen from 1877 to 1945. Unpublished manuscript, Bremen 1987, p. 207