Carl Heinrich von Heineken

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Carl Heinrich von Heine (c) ken - often also written as Karl Heinrich von Heine (c) ken - (* December 24, 1707 in Lübeck ; † January 23, 1791 in Altdöbern ) was an art writer and collector, librarian, director of the Dresden Kupferstichkabinett , Diplomat, electoral secret chamber councilor as well as heir, feudal lord and court lord of Altdöbern.

Carl Heinrich von Heineken (1781)

Life

Heineken, older brother of the "Lübeck prodigy" Christian Henrich Heineken (1721–1725), grew up as the son of the Lübeck painter and architect Paul Heinecken (1674–1746) and the flower painter, art dealer and alchemist Catharina Elisabeth Heinecken (1683–1757), daughter of the painter Franz Oesterreich (1621–1697), in an artist household.

He visited the Katharineum in Lübeck , where he got to know the works of Leibniz and Christian Wolff , and from 1724 studied literature and law in Leipzig, together with Hermann Adolf le Fèvre . There he got to know Gottsched's enlightenment ideas and the extensive art collections of the trade fair city. In 1730 Heineken became a private tutor for the children of the electoral Saxon court poet Johann Ulrich König in Dresden and around 1733 he moved to the household of Minister Sułkowski , whom he served as court master until his overthrow by Brühl.

In 1739 Heineken entered the service of Count Heinrich von Brühl as private secretary and librarian , whose confidante he soon became and who in 1741 entrusted him with the administration of his coffers, goods and factories in Saxony. In 1742 Brühl arranged for Heineken to be married to Friederike Magdalena (1721–1790), the only daughter of the wealthy master chef and Saxon court cook Johann Jakob Nöller. At the instigation of Elector Friedrich August II , Heineken officiated from 1746 - as the successor to the late court doctor Johann Heinrich von Heucher - until his removal as director of the Dresden Kupferstichkabinett on December 14, 1763, ordered by Elector Friedrich Christian . In addition, the private secretary Brühls was from 1749 imperial knight as well as heir, feudal and court lord in Altdöbern. During the Seven Years' War (1756–1763), Heineken was imprisoned in Prussia several times. Diplomatic trips took him to Holland in 1751 and to France in 1754 and 1761.

On October 27, 1763 - on the eve of Brühl's death - Elector Friedrich Christian had Heineken arrested in his palace on Taschenberg in Dresden. Since Brühl had unrestricted disposal over the royal coffers in his last years in government, whose money was used for speculation and, in addition to Chamber Councilor Hausius, the head of the excise surplus fund (a tax authority), his two confidants Gartenberg (1714–1786) and Heineken, on February 3, 1764 these three favorites were charged with embezzlement and enrichment at the expense of the state. The regent Prince Xaver therefore commissioned Conference Minister Stammer to clear up the allegations, who immediately formed a commission of inquiry - the Stammer Commission named after him.

The prosecution also looked into Heineken's private property. He was considered particularly suspect by the prosecution, as he was listed as penniless at the time of his entry into the service of Brühl (1739), but at the time of the trial he had extensive private property, including the manor in Altdöbern, Bollensdorf (today the district of Ihlow ( Fläming) ), Kleinjauer and Muckwar as well as the Dresdner Palais am Taschenberg belonged.

However, Heineken was able to prove that - with the exception of the Bollensdorf estate, which Brühl said he had received as a wage for his 24 years of service - he had inherited all the manors' estates from his father-in-law, the court cook Nöller. He also claimed to have earned his living only from his income as director of the copper engraving cabinet and with the trade in copper engravings.

Since Heineken could not prove any misappropriation of state funds, another charge was made against him, politically intended as a settlement with the Brühl regime, for the illicit sale of art treasures abroad. However, his successor in the office of director of the Kupferstichkabinett, Christian Ludwig von Hagedorn , confirmed in an expert report that Heineken had increased the number of engravings from 80,917 to 130,028 and from 396 to 794 books during his 17-year tenure, and thus the actual creator of the Kupferstichkabinett was. In his plea, Hagedorn paid tribute to the work of his predecessor and his outstanding position in Dresden's art scene. He proved that Heineken was valued by Elector Friedrich August II as a recognized art connoisseur, asked about important new acquisitions of paintings and consulted about the expansion and reorganization of his collections. The elector had therefore appointed Heineken director of the Kupferstichkabinett in 1746. In this function, Heineken carried out a profound reorganization of the graphic collection, which he systematized according to schools, genres or thematic aspects. During his tenure , he encouraged the establishment of the Dresden Art Academy in 1764 , encouraged the purchase of Dürer's copperplate engravings and personally bought works by Rembrandt and van Dyck in the Netherlands and Hamburg. He also directed art purchases through middlemen such as Algarotti , Guarienti and Rossi in Italy, De Brais and Le Leu in France and Talon in Spain. Heineken also made pioneering, curatorial approaches to building up the Brühl collection of graphics.

Altdöbern Castle around 1860, Alexander Duncker collection

On the basis of Hagedorn's report, Heineken was offered a bail release, as was the case with the defendant Gartenberg. In contrast to this, however, Heineken refused, as he rightly feared that he would lose the deposit - even if he could prove his innocence - forever. Eventually the charges were dropped for lack of evidence. Heineken, whose stay in Dresden was undesirable, sold the Palais am Taschenberg for 5,000 thalers (far below the actual value) and moved to Altdöbern, where he founded a tobacco factory in 1766. He had expanded Altdöbern Castle in splendor since 1750 and had the park enlarged almost six times; it was equipped with canals, water basins, fountains, bridges, pavilions and precious sandstone sculptures.

The fallen favorite fought in the next few years to regain his reputation and took the oath of cleansing on March 22nd, 1769 , with the state treasury assuming all costs for the investigation. He spent his old age - interrupted only by trips to Holland, Dresden or Paris - in Altdöbern as a writer and art collector and purposefully promoted agriculture, especially fruit growing, on his estates and tobacco processing in his factory. The public only marginally noticed this work. Due to the similarity of the name to the corrupt, former conference minister Hennicke , Heineken remained ostracized as Brühl's unscrupulous creature until his death.

Carl Heinrich von Heineken's marriage to Friederike Magdalena, née Nöller, had a son and two daughters. The son Carl Friedrich von Heineken (1752–1815) was chamberlain at the court in Dresden and worked as an etcher in his spare time. His daughter Frederike Magdalena was married to a gentleman Günter von Bünau.

A portrait that Heineken had painted by Michel Hubert-Descours when he was on a diplomatic mission in Paris in 1754 has been missing since 1945. It last hung in the Niederjahna manor house .

Works

  • These were the intentions of the people and the associated means, shown thoroughly according to common sense: provided with a preface and the necessary register. Dresden, Leipzig 1732 ( digitized version )
  • From the sublime / Dionysius Longin. Greek u. teutsch, along with his life, a message from his writings, u. an investigation into what Longin understood through the sublime, v. Carl Heinrich Heineken , Dresden 1737 and 1742, Basel 1784
  • News of the condition of Niederlausitz , Pförten 1760
  • Messages from artists and art matters (Volume 1), Leipzig, 1768
  • Messages from artists and art matters (Volume 2), Leipzig, 1769
  • Idée générale d'une collection complette d'estampes, avec une dissertation sur l'origine de la gravure et sur les premiers livres d'images , Jean Paul Kraus, Leipzig and Vienne 1771
  • Dictionnaire des artistes, dont nous avons des estampes avec une notice détaillée de leurs ouvrages gravés (Volume 1): Contenant la lettre A, JGI Breitkopf, Leipzig, 1778
  • Message and description of various types of fruit that are now being built in Niederlausitz
    • 1st piece: Of the stone fruit varieties, Beneke, Pförten 1773
    • 2nd piece: From the core fruit varieties, published by J. Martin Lehmann, Friedrichstadt 1774
  • Dictionnaire des artistes, dont nous avons des estampes (Volume 2): Contenant la lettre B - Biz, Leipzig, 1788
  • Dictionnaire des artistes, dont nous avons des estampes (Volume 3): Contenant les lettres Bla - Caz, Leipzig, 1789
  • Dictionnaire des artistes, dont nous avons des estampes (Volume 4): Contenant les lettres Cec - Diz, Leipzig, 1790
  • Johann Friedrich Benade (Ed.): Des… Churfürstl. Saxon. Secret Land-Cammerraths Karl Heinrich v. Heinecken ... message and description of a complete collection of fruit varieties, which the same formerly mainly built in Altdöbern near Calau in Nieder-Lausitz , and which are mostly still located there and in the vicinity; revised, expanded and corrected by JFB , Sorau and Leipzig 1804f.

literature

Web links

Commons : Carl Heinrich von Heineken  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files
Commons : Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister (Dresden), Galeriewerk Heineken  - album with pictures, videos and audio files

Remarks

  1. ↑ Lusatian magazine or collection of various treatises and news on the basis of natural, art, world and fatherland history, customs, and the beautiful sciences , Volume 24, p.55f
  2. ↑ In this work, twenty years before Winckelmann, Heineken points out the importance of ancient art theory. This soon led to a break between Heineken and Gottsched, which was later followed by Winckelmann's bitter hostility.
  3. ↑ The more than 200-page catalog raisonné of Raphael's engravings should be emphasized
  4. ↑ accordingly: Instructions for a complete collection of copperplate engravings: with a treatise on the origin of engraving and the first books with pictures
  5. ↑ in the same way: Directory / Lexicon of the artists from whom we have art prints, Volume 1 - Letter A.
  6. ↑ as above, Volume 2, Letter B - Biz
  7. ↑ as above, volume 3, letters Bla - Caz
  8. ↑ as above, volume 4, letters Cec - Diz
  9. ↑ Only four volumes were printed, although the manuscript was almost complete at the time of Heineken's death. The manuscript has been missing since World War II.
personal data
SURNAME Heineken, Carl Heinrich von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Heinecken, Carl Heinrich von; Heineken, Karl Heinrich von; Heinecken, Karl Heinrich von
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German art writer and collector, director of the Dresden Kupferstichkabinett
DATE OF BIRTH December 24, 1707
PLACE OF BIRTH Lübeck
DATE OF DEATH January 23, 1791
Place of death Altdöbern