Carl Junack

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Carl Junack - Inventor, Publicist, German Forest Master and Chairman of the Reich Association for Private Forestry Officers in Germany (1928)

Carl Eduard Wilhelm Junack (born November 15, 1870 ; died November 22, 1943 in Berlin ) was a German forest consultant , publicist , inventor and was considered one of the most important forestry practitioners in Northern Germany during his lifetime . Among other things, he headed the Gartow private forest office on the Elbe of the Graeflich von Bernstorff administration, as well as 14 different private areas - spread across the Mark Brandenburg , Mecklenburg , Pomerania , Hanover and Lower Silesia - in which he worked as a permanent advisor to the owner.

Life

Origin and education

Carl Eduard Wilhelm was born on November 15, 1870 in Berlin as the son of the wine merchant Friedrich Wilhelm Ferdinand Franz Junack and his wife Mathilde Auguste Sabatier. There he grew up and spent his childhood and youth. On March 13, 1890, Junack passed his school leaving certificate at the Sophien-Realgymnasium in Berlin in front of the Royal Examination Commission , “in order to devote himself to the higher forest subject”. In 1891 he started his studies at the royal forest academy in Eberswalde and successfully completed it in 1893. From this point on, Carl Junack devoted himself to his forestry career.  

He was married to Bertha Marie Anna Elise Junack (born October 14, 1877, † November 24, 1961), b. Schmidt, with whom he had seven children:

  • Wilhelm Franz Hermann * June 28, 1904, † January 7, 1994
  • Helene * October 6, 1905, † February 16, 1998
  • Martha * November 30, 1906, † January 5, 1999
  • Karl * October 20, 1910, † February 24, 1942
  • Hermann * September 6, 1912, † September 26, 1992
  • Christine * December 28, 1915 in Waldhausen
  • Werner * May 7, 1920, † July 20, 1941

Forest career

After C. Junack had finished his forestry training in Eberswalde , he began his professional career on July 1, 1898 as a Prussian forest assessor and district administrator in the Gartow private forest office on the Elbe, under the administration of the Count von Bernstorff . After being promoted to the royal chief forester on April 18, 1906, he was transferred to Ebstorf a few months later . Shortly afterwards there was another transfer for C. Junack: he took over the forest management of the forests belonging to the Corvin estate near Clenze.

In December 1907, the Ministry for Agriculture, Domains and Forests in Berlin was dismissed in order to transfer to the service of Sr. Highness of the Prince of Henckel-Donnersmark as Fürstlich Anhaltinischer forester in Neudeck / Upper Silesia .

From the end of 1912 Junack took up a new position in Waldhausen / East Prussia as a ducal chief forester for the Duke of Anhalt . The employment there took place "for life". Three years later he was promoted to forest master by Friedrich, "by the grace of God, Duke of Anhalt" . In 1919 "the contract for life" ended. Shifts of assets between the state and the ducal house meant that the ducal officials were dismissed and had to retire early.

Junack returned to Berlin with his wife and children, started his own business on April 1, 1919 and from that point on worked as a freelance forest consultant throughout northern Germany. In addition, a year later he also took over forest advice from Count Günther von Bernstorff in Gartow .

The grave of Carl Junack in the St. Marien- and St. Nikolai-Friedhof I (2016)

Publications

While Junack was working as a forest consultant for Count von Bernstorff in Gartow , he devoted himself more and more, apart from his actual professional activity, to the scientific consideration and analysis of forest-related issues. Here Carl Junack proved to be extremely eager and creative. The list of his publications shows a remarkable 109 different articles that he published over the years.

The following exemplary facts were the subject of investigation in the field of silviculture:

Closely related topics that Carl Eduard Wilhelm Junack examined using forestry criteria:

In addition, as long-time chairman of the Reich Association for private forest officials in Germany, Junack designed and conceived the “Forest Pension Fund”, which lasted until 1945. He was the founder of the magazine "Der Deutsche Forstwirt" and has given specialist lectures at many meetings, such as the Märkischer Forstverein.

At the beginning of 1940, at the age of 70, Junack wrote his dissertation under the supervision of Professor Hubert Hugo Hilf (1893–1984) in Eberswalde. The dissertation dealt with measurement regulations for logs in order to be able to determine the real mass content of the round wood. Based on the knowledge gained, revolutionary proposals for future wood measurement could be justified.

Inventions

Junack hollow spade

Junack has developed a planting spade for forestry , or as he himself wrote: "The old hollow spade has been honored and given a better shape". The Junack hollow spade enables convenient, time-saving and soil-friendly planting. The shape of the hollow spade is designed so that the earth remains on the spade without changing its shape or structure by means of a groundbreaking. If the young plant is now put into the dug hole in the ground, the soil on the spade can be guided back into the hole and pressed down with the foot. The problem of the tedious and sometimes time-consuming digging of holes in the ground for planting is thus solved. The Junack hollow spade is still sold under this name today.

Junack's plate sight

Carl Junack invented a new sight for rifles . Junack's plate sighting solves the problem that it is difficult to find the right height when aiming. "This purpose is achieved even better with Junack's front sight sighting, in which the plate attached above the front sight appears as a light line and enables precise heights to be taken."

Junack had already made this invention as a forest assessor in 1901 and announced it in a circular . Patent specification No. 119325 Class 72f of the Imperial Patent Office   dated April 9, 1901. On August 12, 1901, he promptly received a rebuke from the Ministry: “On the occasion of your circular from the first month of the previous month regarding the utilization of the pellet grain you have invented, you will pointed out that in accordance with § 16 of the ranger service instruction forest guards without higher approval no Nebengewerbe which part or companies may in some way. "

Junack contradicted this in writing and only 10 days later he received permission to take over the recycling of the grain and the visor himself. He was even allowed to publicly interpret the invention in the assembly of the German Forest Association in Regensburg .

Junack tear hook

Another invention by Carl Junack is the " Junack tear hook ". By repeatedly laboriously marking coarse-barked bark when thinning mostly pine forests, C. Junack invented his own tearing hook. The "Junack tear hook" is characterized on the one hand by a wider blade (7 mm). This enables the trees to be marked at all times, regardless of the strength of the bark . On the other hand, the "Junack tear hook" is characterized by its special shape and texture, as an additional bracket covers and protects the user's hand. This enables easier handling with a simultaneous increase in occupational safety .

Carl Junack meets Karl May

On May 1, 1898, when Carl Junack was 28 years old, Gartow's most important citizens at the time sat repeatedly at the dignitaries ' regulars ' table “The Stock Exchange”. On this day a special guest visited the regulars' table - Karl May .

Carl Junack documented these meetings and reported about them in the community newspaper "Heimatbote".

Carl Junack recorded the following three stories from Karl May in the "Heimatbote":

  • The hunt for the lion . The lion goes to the water in the evening. If you want to shoot a lion, it is relatively easy to do so by standing up at its watering hole and waiting for it there. At dusk, the lion leaves his bed and initially gives off a low hum. Then he utters a scream, about as loud as a person can scream, and then, after a pause, a roar so loud that the mountains roar and echo. Now it is time to take hold of the rifle; it has become dark in the meantime, and the approaching lion can only be recognized by the glow in its eyes as soon as it has noticed the hunter and turns his eyes on him. These eyes glow rigidly, the light in them begins to circle and circles faster and faster, and the pupils become smaller and smaller until the eyes have become two fiery spheres. Then it is the last moment to attach the ball, because then the lion starts to jump. Then he stops completely still so that a safe ball can be attached. And this ball must sit in the middle of the eyes, otherwise there will be a life-and-death fight. The jump is already released in the lion's paws and - hit or not - he still executes it. After the shot you have to jump aside immediately, because the living or dead lion lands exactly where the hunter stood. He has meanwhile repeated and tries to put the second ball between the second and third ribs for the jumping lion. In the event that this also went wrong, he throws the rifle away and draws his sharp long knife in order to be ready for life and death for a fist fight if necessary. That was probably his greatest hunting story.
  • The story of his wonder box . Karl May said that he had constructed his own rifle, which consisted of over 100 individual parts. So that nobody could discover his design secret, he had the individual parts made in just as many different makes and assembled the rifle himself from the many parts. This rifle shoots so precisely that he can shoot down the individual leaves of a tree and shoot names into a disk. It only has the disadvantage that it is extremely heavy, so that only a few except himself can handle it. If someone came to visit him and there was a sudden row, his wife would already have known that he would once again - as recently to the King of Saxony - have presented and handed his rifle and the visitor had dropped the rifle because it was going to him was difficult.
  • The Arab servant . The third curiosity I remember isn't actually a hunting story . May told of his travels in Arabia and his Arab servant who accompanied him. This servant was married and always lived in fear of his wife. May had teased him so that he appeared to be under his wife's slipper, whereupon the servant threw himself in the chest and replied: "In my house I am the master." After a moment's thought, however, he would have added: he rules in his But home with love and his wife with violence.

In his personal diary, Carl Junack wrote the following about the meeting with Karl May:

  • “It was on May 1st, 1898, when I went to the target stand in Hahnenberge in the afternoon to take some control shots with my rifle - the hunt for the roebuck started on May 1st. I had the strange experience that a roebuck was peacefully eating in front of the bullet trap of the shooting range, which was in the middle of a thicket, so that I immediately fired my first shot at the buck, which I thus hunted down. The horn was a particularly interesting one - short and cute - so I thought it worth giving it a special name, and I called it the "May-Bock" in memory of the associated experience with Karl May , whereby one could also think of the killing on May 1st.
  • On the evening of that day after supper I went to the evening pint at Wilhelm Anton Krug's - with my horns cut off. In the dignitaries' parlor, besides August Herbst, I found, strangely enough, a stranger at the table, which was so rare that I introduced myself. “Meyer” I understood his name and combined from the two large cigar boxes that he had in front of him that he was probably the cigar traveler Meyer from Bremen. I couldn't keep up with my hunting experience for long and began my story by saying that it might sound like "to vertellen", but when I wanted to shoot at the target that afternoon, instead of the target, there would have been a living roebuck, that I would have shot with the shot. I then related the whole experience more precisely and used the phrase that I would have wanted to take the control shots because the rifle would not have "spoken" for a long time in the closed season. Then the stranger quickly spoke to me: “That's right, the rifle speaks.” When I looked at him in astonishment and he probably read the question in my eyes: “What do you mean by making cigars by shooting Joanna?” He added: “Sorry, I've never shot a roebuck in my life, but the more grizzly bears and lions ”.
  • And now his telling started, so that we only had to listen until 2 a.m. at night and take turns to admire how he was able to tell exciting stories on the one hand and lying in the cheekiest on the other. He got it ready to assure that none of his books contained a word hunter's Latin. We took care not to contradict him in order not to disturb his flow of speech and sat around him every evening in the inn Krug with an ever-increasing audience. He seemed to take me as a hunter into his heart; he gave me a picture in which he was equipped as a trapper and about a year later he also sent me a postcard from Cairo. "

Appreciations

“Carl Junack can be described as one of the most important forestry practitioners in northern Germany during the first forty years of this century. Since a bombing raid in Berlin in 1943 put an end to his life's work, this has never been publicly highlighted. He was both an outspoken skeptic of unusual new ideas and an inexhaustible producer of new ideas, so that he was fruitful everywhere. "

Literature / writings

  • Net yield tables: Calculation of yield values ​​of forest stands and explanations, Carl Junack, Der Deutsche Forstwirt, 1925 - 87 pages
  • Fully sowing and raising quality pines, 1930
  • Fighting forest fires, Carl Junack, Neumann, 1924 - 4 pages
  • Thinning of the pine, Carl Junack, Neumann, 1910 - 46 pages
  • Pit wood table for the Upper Silesian coal field, Carl Junack, Neumann, 1909 - 39 pages
  • Reconstruction of our people: A warning to the Reich government, Reichstag and others. Reichswirtschaftsrat / [Junack] 1922, 7 pages
  • 1924 The crop rotation forest, an antithesis against the permanent forest idea, Junack, Carl, Neudamm, 28 pages
  • 1920 Grocery money (LG), Junack, Carl, Berlin, 35 pages

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ [1]
  2. ↑ [2]
  3. ↑ Page 96 ( Memento of the original from February 11, 2018 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / pliki.grube.pl
  4. ^ Carl Junack: Heimatbote . Ed .: community sheet for the Gartow church district. Gartow May 1935.
  5. ↑ [3]
personal data
SURNAME Junack, Carl
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Junack, Carl Eduard Wilhelm (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German forest consultant, publicist, inventor
DATE OF BIRTH November 15, 1870
DATE OF DEATH November 22, 1943
Place of death Berlin