Hermann Junack

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Hermann Rudolf Felix Junack (born September 6, 1912 in Neudeck , Upper Silesia , † September 26, 1992 in Gartow , Lower Saxony ) was a German forester . From 1941 to 1979 he was in charge of the Gartow private forest office on the Elbe of the Graeflich von Bernstorff administration, and during this time he developed the Gartower Forest into an example of " natural forest management ".

Hermann Junack (1942)

Life

Origin, family and education

Hermann Junack came from an old forest family. He was born on September 6, 1912 as the son of the forester Carl Junack in Neudeck, Upper Silesia, and spent his youth in Berlin and Gartow , where his father initially worked as a district administrator and later as head of the Graeflich von Bernstorff forest administration . In 1931, Hermann Junack graduated from the Reform Realgymnasium in Oranienburg .

He then took up a one-year apprenticeship at the Chorin Forestry Office near Eberswalde . From 1932 to 1936 he studied forest sciences at the Eberswalde Forestry University and at the University of Berlin as well as at the Forestry Faculty of the Georg-August University in Göttingen in Hann. Münden . From 1936 to 1941 he continued his training as a forest trainee , which was interrupted by military service from 1936 to 1937. This was followed by just half a year of normal legal traineeship (taxation in the Wetter-Ost forestry office near Marburg and four-month forester time in the Cladow -Ost forestry office ).

For the following year (1938 to 1939) his father Carl Junack had obtained leave for him from his traineeship training at the Ministry of Forest Management in Gartow . The work on this forest management created the basis for his later work in Gartow. The experience he had already gained with normal furnishing work gave him time for detailed historical studies in the long-standing documents of the Gartow forestry enterprise. In collaboration with his father Carl Junack, this resulted in an extensive Gartow forest history, which records the history of each individual inventory, which has been in use since 1897, by evaluating existing maps, depots and cultural plans.

In the middle of 1939 he took over the management of the Hoyerswerda Forestry Office with an area of ​​10,000 ha. After that he had to do his military service repeatedly from 1939 to 1940.

After the Great State Forest Examination in April 1941, he joined his father as a forest assessor in the service of the von Bernstorff family in Gartow , before he had to repeatedly take up military service. Although Hermann Junack was at war, on October 1, 1941, he received the contract to manage the private forestry office of the Graeflich Bernstorff administration.

Hermann Junack suffered a serious wound in his hand, arm and shoulder and was then released from military service in Russia in Gartow in early November 1942 .

There he worked together on the further development of the forest business until his father's death in 1943. At the age of 31 he now had to deal with all the important forest problems of this huge business independently.

He was married to Liselotte Meta Junack, b. Kindermann (1917-2005). The marriage had four children.

Transition to natural forest management

In the Gartower Tannen forest he was initially faced with the task of eliminating the consequences of the November storm in 1940. This had torn large gaps in many old pine stands , in which the natural regeneration of this tree species was now reaching an unprecedented extent. In 1943 Junack decided to use it economically. But initially other operational problems came to the fore. After the end of the Second World War , the Forestry Office not only suffered from reparations blows by the Allies, but also from forest fires and, in the years 1946 to 1949, from devastating devastation by the pine moth . All of this made extensive reforestation necessary. To alleviate the firewood shortage in the post-war years, Junack propagated the clearing of pine trees .

In 1950, Junack broke away from the previous age group forest and switched the Gartow forest operation to the principles of "natural forest management". Business issues had the highest priority. The new concept not only included consistent maintenance of the remaining stocks and individual trunk management , but above all the promotion of natural regeneration, which gradually grew into a second layer of the stock. In 1952, Junack had a stockpile of 80 year old pine and oak trees carried out using the so-called value control procedure developed by Hans Jürgen von Arnswaldt . Building on this, it was then possible to transport and use the large wood stocks as planned.

Where there were gaps in the natural regeneration of pine trees, Junack had Douglas firs planted, which in this way became the distinctive mixed tree species of the Gartow forest. A small deposit of older Douglas fir trees in the Gartower Forest had encouraged him to take this step. To facilitate the planting work, the Junack hollow spade was used, with which two bare- root Douglas fir seedlings as well as pine balls could be brought into the earth at low cost. This hollow spade was developed by his father, Carl Junack , and is still in use in forestry . The sometimes very poor soils of the Gartow forest limited forestry mainly to pine and Douglas fir as nature-friendly "bread trees". Wherever possible, however, Junack also promoted oak by sowing hares . In addition, he was involved in a series of fertilization experiments , which he later evaluated.

Through all of these measures, Hermann Junack developed the Gartower Forest scientifically to become an example company for "natural forest management". The underlying goal was to manage and use the forest ecosystem in such a way that ecologically stable and at the same time economically profitable forests can be created by adapting to natural growth processes and development dynamics with minimal control over the long term. The forest's sustainability concept was always the top priority, with wood production being seen as equal to the importance of the forest for national culture , public health and landscape design .

The "Junack Deer"

The "Junack deer" from 1959, front view

The legendary "Junack deer" was hunted down on September 19, 1959 by forest director Hermann Junack in the Graeflich von Bernstorff forest. The trophy of the odd 20-ender weighed over 10 kilograms of antlers. The average stem length is around 100 centimeters, the circumference of the roses around 34 centimeters. At the World Exhibition in Budapest in 1971, the antlers achieved 225.90 international points (gold medal). This means that this stag remains one of the strongest German post-war stags.

The "Junack deer" from 1959, side view

Cooperation with the University of Göttingen

Hermann Junack, who most recently held the title of private forest director, worked closely with the Forestry Faculty of the University of Göttingen, for which the Gartow Forestry Office became one of the most important and most frequently visited excursion destinations . Generations of forest students, but also foreign scientists, got to know this company and the principles of near-natural forest management. The Gartow Forestry Office with its closed forest complex of 5700 hectares (as of 2008) offered and still offers material for numerous diploma theses and dissertations , was and is often the subject of the forestry specialist press and therefore known far beyond Lower Saxony and Germany.

Not least because Hermann Junack published his experiences and studies in forestry journals and passed them on in numerous lectures. He not only dealt with silvicultural issues, but also with forest history and hunting topics. Until 1988 he was head of the Gartow-Lüchow Wildlife Ring, which was founded in 1978. Junack had remained very active even after his retirement in 1979: with the silvicultural and forest history dissertation from the preliminary stages of forest management in Gartow to the beginning of regulated forestry in the period from 1678 to 1840 , he was on September 21, 1989 at the age of 77 years at Georgia Augusta to doctor of Forest sciences ( Dr. forest. ) PhD . Junack was the oldest PhD student in the university's forestry department.

The forestry faculty of the University of Göttingen awarded him the Heinrich Christian Burckhardt Medal in 1968 for the exemplary and scientifically sound management of a private forest , and in 1971 he received the Wilhelm Leopold Pfeil Prize from the Alfred Toepfer Foundation FVS with his exact In an exemplary manner, he had taken into account the “iron law of the local” emphasized by Wilhelm Pfeil , which was tailored to the local conditions of the Gartow Forest . The Federal President also paid tribute to Junack's life's work in 1983 with the award of the Federal Cross of Merit .

Junack died on September 26, 1992 a few weeks after his 80th birthday in Gartow.

Awards

Appreciation

A memorial stone erected in Gartower Forest commemorates Hermann Junack and his father Carl Junack . This stone was erected in 2015 by his children in honor of the two forest men in Gartower Forest with the permission of the von Bernstorff family .

Writings and publications

  • 1946: History of the Gartower Forest: History and Development of the Gartower Forest (accompanying lecture)
  • 1947: The forest under land reform. Vol. 2
  • 1947: The clearing of pine trees - a means to alleviate the firewood shortage and to protect the German forest. Forst- und Holzwirt, Vol. 2, H. 8
  • 1948: The Junack hollow spade - a proven cultural aid. Forestry and wood owner. Vol. 2, H. 8
  • 1948: Eilhard Wiedemann: "Die Kiefer 1948". North d. Holzwirtschaft, Herford (book review)
  • 1948: To evaluate the cone harvest on Douglas fir and Weymouth pine. Forestry and wood owner. Vol. 3. H. 22
  • 1950: Bale planting in the Gartow Forestry Office, Forest Archives Vol. 1–3
  • 1950: The experiences of the last decades in forest fire prevention and control
  • 1950: Fogging against the pine moth in the Gartow Forestry Office by the Borchers firm - Goslar in the years 1947–1949. Allgemeine Forstzeitschrift, H. 21
  • 1952: Considerations about the best time to plant the Douglas fir. Forestry and wood owner.
  • 1952: The situation of West German forestry and measures to improve it. Elbe-Ztg. v. January 14, 1952
  • 1953: First results of fertilization trials in the Graeflich Bernstorff Forestry Office in Gartow. Forst- und Holzwirt, H. 10/11.
  • 1954: Natural helpers in the forest.
  • 1954: Death from winter frosts on one and two year old oaks. Forester and wood manager, page 300.
  • 1956: The importance of the forest through the ages.
  • 1956: Experience with artificial fertilization in the forest on diluvial soils, special edition
  • 1956: Social problems of the private forest service in West Germany. German Forestry, Vol. 12.
  • 1957: Prof. Dr. Adolf Olberg. Forestry and wood owner (obituary)
  • 1958: Contributions to the problem of pine natural regeneration. Forst- und Holzwirt, H. 10/11
  • 1958: Possibilities and prospects of success for pine farming in the distant Diluvium of Lower Saxony.
  • 1959: The current situation of the private forest service.
  • 1959: Present problems of the private forest in Schleswig-Holstein. Forestry and wood owner.
  • 1959: s. a. Kieler Nachrichten Possibilities and chances of success of the pine industry in the distant Diluvium of Lower Saxony. Fort- und Holzwirt, pp. 78–80.
  • 1960: Encounters with the stag of my life. Wild and Dog, H. 14.
  • 1960: The influence of stand age and stand treatment on the fertilization of the Douglas flower, Forst- und Holzwirt, vol. 5.
  • 1960: The ball planting of conifers. Forst- und Holzwirt, Vol. 4.
  • 1960: Growing crops thanks to appropriate forest fertilization. Hanover, self-published by Kali-Chemie.
  • 1961: A red deer population as reflected in contemporary history. Wild and Dog, H. 24/25
  • 1961: A successful fertilization attempt with algae phosphate. Forst- und Holzwirt, Vol. 18.
  • 1961: Can chemical weed control make our coniferous crops cheaper? Forester and wood manager, H. 5.
  • 1962: For pruning the Douglas fir with decorative twigs. Forest archive, vol. 4.
  • 1963: Silvicultural and economic aspects - pros and cons of replacing pine with other types of wood. Forst- und Holzwirt, H. 19.
  • 1964: Urbansky, A .; Junack, H .: Culture in confusing small areas. Forest archive, H. 5.
  • 1966: Results of fertilization trials by the Lower Saxony Forest Trials Association. From the forest, no. 11, Hanover.
  • 1969: A private forest office struggles to be profitable. Forest technical information, H. Nov.
  • 1969: What, how and how much should the forest produce? Published in short version in DeFo.
  • 1970: The diary of Carl Heinrich Samuel Schmidt 1826–1869. 2nd annual magazine Hannoversches Wendland.
  • 1970: From Lüneburg Heath to Lüneburg High Forest. Forest archive. Forestry dialogue between Prof. Hilf, H. Bühmann and H. Junack on the topic: The Douglas fir as the main tree species - practical possibilities and prospects of a Douglas pine management.
  • 1970: Advantages and disadvantages of two-tier pine management. General Forest magazine.
  • 1971: Experiences and results with forest fertilization in Lower Saxony.
  • 1971: Problems and findings from many years of practice with natural pine farming.
  • 1976: A historical perspective of the catastrophes in the Gartower Forest. Published in the 6th annual edition of the local history working group Lü Dbg 1976/77.
  • 1978: 50 years of hunting in Prezelle.
  • 1978: The development of large game species in the eastern part of the Lüchow-Dannenberg district before and after the establishment of the Gartow-Lüchow large game ring. Published as "Wendland care" in game and dog.
  • 1979: German forestry on the way to natural forest management.
  • 1979: Forest-friendly hoofed game enclosure in the pine area. AFZ, no. 17/18.
  • 1979: Direction and effects of natural forest management using the example of the Graflich Bernstorff Forestry Office in Gartow.
  • 1980: Stock maintenance in the two-layer pine forest. AFZ, H. 11.
  • 1982: Shooting guidelines for red deer, fallow deer and wild boar in Lower Saxony - from the perspective of a big game ring leader. The Lower Saxon Hunter.
  • 1989: The preliminary stages of forest management in Gartow from 1687 to 1840. Dissertation, 310 p., Forest Science Department of the University of Göttingen.

literature

  • Zoltán Rozsnyay, Frank Kropp: Hermann Junack . In this: Lower Saxony Forest Biography. A source volume. From the forest (1998): Messages from the Lower Saxony State Forest Administration (Issue 51). Lower Saxony Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Forests (MELF), Wolfenbüttel 1998. pp. 249–252
  • Gero Becker: Dr. Hermann Junack † . In: AFZ. General forest journal for forest management and environmental protection . 47th volume, issue 25/1992, p. 1365, ISSN  0002-5860
  • Andreas Graf von Bernstorff: Dr. Hermann Junack 80 years . In: Forst und Holz , Volume 47, Issue 17/1992, p. 548
  • Jürgen Ebrecht: Hermann Junack. 1912-1992 . In: The permanent forest. Journal for natural forest management , Volume 7, Issue 12/1992, pp. 58–59

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Zoltán Rozsnyay, Frank Kropp: Hermann Junack . In this: Lower Saxony Forest Biography. A source volume. From the forest (issue 51). Lower Saxony Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Forests (MELF), Wolfenbüttel 1998, p. 250
  2. ^ A b Zoltán Rozsnyay, Frank Kropp: Hermann Junack . In this: Lower Saxony Forest Biography. A source volume. From the forest (issue 51). Lower Saxony Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Forests (MELF), Wolfenbüttel 1998, pp. 249–250
  3. ↑ Information on silviculture in the Gartower Forest on the website of the Graeflich von Bernstorff administration ( memento of the original from December 1, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ; Retrieved December 7, 2008  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.bernstorff.de
  4. ↑ Example for the "Hohlspaten VSA according to Junack" in the pit catalog ; accessed on February 13, 2018
  5. ↑ a b c Gero Becker: Dr. Hermann Junack † , In: AFZ . Volume 47, issue 25/1992, p. 1365
  6. ↑ -ab-: Always worked very far- sightedly . Hochwildring Gartow-Lüchow celebrated its 50th birthday , article in the online archive of the Elbe-Jeetzel-Zeitung (EJZ) ; Retrieved December 7, 2008
personal data
SURNAME Junack, Hermann
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Junack, Hermann Rudolf Felix (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German forester
DATE OF BIRTH September 6, 1912
PLACE OF BIRTH Neudeck , Upper Silesia
DATE OF DEATH September 26, 1992
Place of death Gartow , Lower Saxony