Chadli El Mekki

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Chadli El Mekki also Chadli Mekki or Chadly El Mekky ( Arabic الشاذلي المكي, DMG aš-Šāḏilī al-Makkī ; * May 15, 1913 in Sidi Nadji , Tébessa province ; † September 2, 1988 ) was an Algerian politician ( PPA ), diplomat and activist .

Life

Chadli El Mekki was born on May 20, 1913 (according to other information: 1920) in Sidi Nadji in the Algerian province of Tébessa . As a two-year-old child he was orphaned and raised by his brother Si M'hamed, who moved with him to Tébessa . There El Mekki was taught Islamic theology in the local Zaouia by Larbi Tébessi and Saad Seddik . In his youth he worked as a carpenter, but in 1933 he lost his left hand in an accident at work. At the age of 18 he joined the Parti du peuple algérien (PPA) and began studying at the University of Ez-Zitouna in Tunis in 1934 , where he founded a department of the PPA together with Brahim Mezhoudi and called for an Algerian student movement. El Mekki's studies in Tunisia lasted until 1939.

After his brother Si M'hamed, also active in the party, and their leader Messali Hadj were arrested by the French authorities on October 4, 1939 as a result of the ban on the PPA, Chadli Mekki was also arrested in April 1940. He was then transferred to the Djenane Bourezgue concentration camp south of Oran , where he served a three-year prison sentence.

After his release he was part of the management of the PPA in the Constantine region from 1944 and was president of the nationalist movement Amis du manifeste et de la liberté (AML) in the same region , initiated by Ferhat Abbas .

In April 1945 El Mekki, together with Hocine Asselah and Chawki Mostefai, was involved in the design of the Algerian national flag , which is still present today . As a result of the events in Algeria in May 1945 , he went into hiding in Annaba while he was sentenced to death in absentia by the French judiciary. El Mekki then contacted representatives of the Destur party in Tunis and fled to Cairo , where he arrived on October 20, 1945.

In late 1945, Chadli El Mekki opened a representation for the PPA in Egypt . There he was one of the participants in the Congress of the Arab Maghreb , which met from February 15 to 22, 1947 and at which the office of the Arab Maghreb was opened in Cairo. The chairman of this association, which was supposed to bring together North African politicians and activists, was Emir Abd al-Karim . In addition to El Mekki, Habib Bourguiba ( Neo-Destur party ), Mohieddine Klibi (Destur party) and Allal al-Fassi ( Istiqlal party ) were among the representatives in this office.

He was also a member of the Liberation Committee of the Arab Maghreb , established in December 1947 , together with the representative of the Association of Algerian Muslim Legal Scholars Bachir El Ibrahimi , where he represented the MTLD, the legal party of the PPA. Chadli Mekki did the same with the Arab League .

In February 1951 he took part in the World Islamic Congress in Karachi and in March of the same year traveled to India , where he met Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru in New Delhi .

In the course of 1952 El Mekki was replaced in his position as representative of the MTLD in Cairo by Mohamed Khider and Hocine Aït Ahmed . Thereupon, together with Ahmed Mezerna, he independently founded an Egyptian branch of the Mouvement national algérien (MNA), the rival movement to the National Liberation Front (FLN), which increasingly came under criticism. At that time he also collaborated with the representatives of the Association of Algerian Muslim Legal Scholars in Egypt, Bachir El Ibrahimi and Fodhil El Ouartilani . Above all, he campaigned for international recognition of Algerian independence efforts.

After the start of the Algerian War in 1954 and the increasing pioneering role of the FLN, El Mekki increasingly became a persona non grata . Nevertheless, he was intended as a delegate for the conference of the Front de Liberation d'Algérie (FLA) founded by El Ibrahimi on January 19, 1955 in Cairo. This assembly was supposed to bring together representatives of all political and militant currents in Algeria. When the participation of El Mecca was rejected by the Egyptian government of Nasser and other conference participants, the conference failed. When the FLA met again on February 17, 1955, his presence was finally tolerated.

El Mekki attended the Bandung conference in April 1955 and presented a letter from Messali Hajj.

On his return from the Hajj he was arrested in Cairo in August 1955 (according to other sources: July 1955). The Algerian politician Mohamed Mamchaoui saw his arrest as a political gambit by the FLN, which claimed a monopoly on the representation of Algerian interests and, as a reaction to El Mekki's participation in Bandung, charged the Egyptian government with his arrest.

El Mekki was released in February 1961 but remained under house arrest in Egypt until November 1962.

In October 1963 he returned to Algeria and was, among other things, school director at the Lycée Hassiba Ben Bouali in Kouba and at a girls' school in Algiers , from 1967 vice director in the Algerian Ministry of Education and between 1979 and 1982 in the Ministry of Religious Affairs.

Chadli El Mekki died on September 2nd, 1988 after a long illness.

Views

Chadli El Mekki is characterized by Amar Ouzegane as a great speaker, committed nationalist and activist for the Islamic religion . He also describes him as an ardent supporter of Adolf Hitler and a convinced anti-Semite .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Décès de M. Chadi Mekki . Newspaper articles. Algiers: El Moudjahid. 4th September 1988.
  2. ↑ a b c d e Benjamin Stora: Dictionnaire biographique de militants nationalistes algériens. ENA, PPA, MTLD (1926-1954). Paris: L'Harmattan. 1985, p. 133.
  3. ↑ a b c Achour Cheurfi: La classe politique algérienne de 1900 à nos jours. Dictionnaire biographique. Algiers: Casbah Éditions. 2001. p. 262.
  4. ↑ a b c d Mohamed Mamchaoui: "Recificatif sur la biography de Chaddly Mekki décédé le 1st Sept 1988". Letter to the editor to El Moudjahid. Undated. Archives du PPA . ( Digital copy from the Messali Hadj Foundation )
  5. ↑ M'hamed Benaboud and J. Cagne: “Le Congrès du Maghreb Arabe de 1947 et les debuts du Bureau du Maghreb Arabe au Caire. L'operation ibn Abd-al-Karim ”. In: Revue d'histoire maghrebine, 25-26. Tunis: Temimi Foundation. 1982. p. 17ff.
  6. ^ Jean-Charles Jauffret and M. Vaisse: Militaires et guérilla dans la guerre d'Algérie. Vincennes: Editions Complexe. 2001. p. 272.
  7. ↑ a b Farīd Shihāb; Y. ʿAssaylī and A. Aṣfahānī: A face in the crowd. A selection from Emir Farid Chehab's private archives. London: Stacey International. 2007. p. 47.
  8. ↑ Jacques Simon: Messal Hadj par les textes. Paris: Éditions Bouchène. 2000, p. 54.
  9. ↑ Fatḥī Dīb: Abdel Nasser et la révolution algérienne. Paris: L'Harmattan. 1985. pp. 50f.
  10. ↑ Aḥmad Ṭālib al-Ibrāhīmī : Les Oulémas algériens et la Révolution: Clarifications à propos de certaines vérités historiques. Taleb El-Ibrahimi répond à Belaïd Abdesselam. In: Le Soir d'Algérie . November 8, 2017, accessed November 2, 2018 .
  11. ↑ ʿAbd Allaah al-ʿUqayl: Min Aʿlām ad-Daʿwa wa-l-Ḥaraka al-Islāmīya al-Muʿāṣira. Dār al-Bašīr. 2008. 7th, revised edition. P. 703.
  12. ↑ Jacques Jurquet: La révolution national algérienne et le Parti Communiste français. Volume 3. Paris: Éditions du Centenaire. 1979.
personal data
SURNAME El Mekki, Chadli
ALTERNATIVE NAMES الشاذلي المكي (Arabic); Mekki Chadli; Mekky Chadly; Mekki Chadli
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Algerian politician and diplomat
DATE OF BIRTH May 15, 1913
PLACE OF BIRTH Sidi Nadji , Tébessa Province
DATE OF DEATH 2nd September 1988