Christoph from former

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Christoph von Früh (born March 24, 1528 in Augsburg , † June 1, 1592 in Heidelberg ) was a German lawyer, university professor and Chancellor of the Palatinate . He played a key role in determining the politics of the Electoral Palatinate of his time and was one of the people who pushed the Electoral Palatinate's transition from Lutheran to Reformed Protestantism .

Life

family

Christoph von Ehe came from an Augsburg patrician family , his father was the merchant Christoph von Ehe († 1537), his mother Anna († 1535) was a daughter of the Augsburg mayor Ulrich Rehlinger († 1547). Two of his brothers are known, Thomas and Siegmund, the latter was mentioned as stable master and later mayor in Heidelberg. Christoph von Mann married Maria (1533–1571), daughter of the Augsburg pharmacist Christoph Wirsung , in 1552 . After she died in 1571, he married the merchant's daughter Susanna, nee. Katzer / Kötzer (1547–1594). He had 21 children, two of them sons, one of whom was Siegmund von Ehe, an electoral Palatinate governor in Böckelheim. With Christoph Ehem's grandson, the French lieutenant general Johann Bernhard Mensch (1587–1657), the line of tribe ended .

Studies and teaching in Tübingen and Heidelberg

Former studied philosophy, law and medicine in Antwerp , Strasbourg and Padua . During his studies he learned the French language and was confronted for the first time with the persecution of Protestants in Western Europe, which he complained about in letters throughout his life. In September 1552 he enrolled at the University of Tübingen and taught there from 1553 to 1554 as a professor of logic at the artist faculty . On May 6, 1554 he was awarded his doctorate in both rights in Padua . In 1956 he published his main work De principiis juris libri septem , which remained his only extensive scientific publication. In the book dedicated to Elector Ottheinrich , he strived to develop a legal doctrine of argument based on methodical order (analogous to Galenos ) and rational justifications, including the findings of the philosophers Aristotle , Plato and Cicero .

In September 1556, Elector Ottheinrich Früh appointed Johann Mylaeus ' lecture for institutions of the law faculty of the University of Heidelberg , which at that time was only represented on a representative basis. In 1558 he gave up this chair because his other activities had become too extensive for the Count Palatine. For a short time, he probably took over the professorship for Digesting , which Johann Empfinger had previously held, or at least he was suggested for this position by the university. Since the beginning of 1560 he is no longer mentioned among the professors of the law faculty in Heidelberg.

Activities in the Palatinate domestic, foreign and church politics

Under Ottheinrich, Ehe was a member of the Electoral Council (1556 to 1559) and the Council of Churches . He was a member of the marriage court and drafted a marriage court order around 1557. In the course of the Heidelberg university reform in 1558, which was carried out on the orders of the Lutheran Ottheinrich and aimed at a university with a humanistic orientation and determined by the Reformation, he played a key role in drafting the new statutes. Together with the former Chancellor Christoph Prob and with the advice of Philipp Melanchthon , he ensured that Heidelberg was transformed into a "Lutheran State University".

Under the Calvinist Elector Friedrich III. Ehems' influence, which had previously been limited by the power of the incumbent Chancellor Erasmus von Minckwitz († 1562), among other things , reached its peak. From 1561 he belonged again to the electoral council and was protonotary in the upper council . In 1564 he drafted a new church council order. In terms of content, Ehe completely joined the efforts of Friedrich III. after church innovations. He is considered the "main initiator of the official Calvinization of the Palatinate". In the Reformed discussion of church discipline, he represented the strictly Calvinist direction. As ambassador from the Palatinate, he took part in the Reichstag (1559, 1566, 1567) and class assemblies. He promoted relations between the Palatinate and the Electorate of Saxony , but fell out of favor with the Saxon Elector August after the fall of the " Cryptocalvinists " there . In general, the Electoral Palatinate became increasingly alienated from the Lutheran powers, which contradicted the goal of a Protestant union. In terms of foreign policy, Hus campaigned for the solidarity of German and non-German Protestantism and was a co-founder of the Palatinate Union policy, which aimed to oppose the Catholic-Habsburg forces with an alliance of the Protestant powers of the German Empire and Western Europe. He strictly rejected the papacy, which in his view was associated with superstition, obedience to authority, corruption of the true religion and threat to humanistic values. He encouraged absolute opposition to the House of Habsburg . During a stay in Poland with other ambassadors, for example, where the aim was actually to endorse the election of Archduke Ernst as emperor, he secretly advocated Heinrich von Anjou instead .

In 1562, as well as from 1574, he was Chancellor of the Electorate of the Palatinate (Chairman of the Electoral Council ) until he was under Elector Ludwig VI in April 1577 . (Lutherans) was removed from the Chancellery and temporarily placed under house arrest. Husband was suspected of having changed the electoral will in the interests of the second eldest son of Frederick III, Johann Casimir (Calvinist). When the two brothers reconciled the following year, he was released again and entered the service of the Count Palatine and later spa administrator Johann Kasimir. He was now in Kaiserslautern and Neustadt . In 1582 he sold the house and garden in Heidelberg, which Frederick III gave him. had given twenty years earlier.

Under Johann Kasimir, Ehe was again Chancellor of the Electorate of the Palatinate from 1578 to 1584 and from 1584 councilor. At the Augsburg Reichstag in 1582 he appeared as Johann Kasimir's main representative and gathered the Protestant opposition in the Princely Council. In the following year he campaigned for Gebhard I von Waldburg, who had converted to Protestantism, and campaigned for the reintroduction of Calvinism in the Electoral Palatinate. However, his influence decreased at this time, in favor of the diplomat and troop leader Peter Beutterich (1538–1587). Früh returned to Heidelberg, in 1588 he lived in "Obern Kaltenthal" on the Schloßberg. Under Elector Friedrich IV. He was elector from January 1592 Privy Council in the upper councils College and remained there until his death in the same year in that office.

Husband died in 1592 at the age of 64 during his son's wedding party in Heidelberg. He was buried in St. Peter's Church next to his first wife and two brothers-in-law.

Fonts

  • De principiis juris libri septem , Basel 1556.

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Ehe (Ehe), Christoph. In: Dagmar Drüll (Ed.): Heidelberger Gelehrtenlexikon 1386–1651. Springer, Heidelberg 2002, p. 132.
  2. ^ A b c Ekkehart Fabian:  Husband, Christoph von. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 4, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1959, ISBN 3-428-00185-0 , p. 342 f. ( Digitized version ).
  3. ↑ Christoph Strohm : Calvinism and Law: Philosophical-Confessional Aspects in the Work of Reformed Jurists in the Early Modern Age. Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen 2008, ISBN 978-3-16-149581-6 , p. 60.
  4. ↑ Christoph Strohm : Calvinism and Law: Philosophical-Confessional Aspects in the Work of Reformed Jurists in the Early Modern Age. Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen 2008, p. 68.
  5. ^ Wilhelm Doerr : Semper Apertus. Six hundred years Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, 1386-1986: Volume 1: Middle Ages and early modern times: 1386-1803. Springer, Berlin 1985, ISBN 3-540-15425-6 , p. 305.
  6. ↑ Christoph Strohm : Calvinism and Law: Philosophical-Confessional Aspects in the Work of Reformed Jurists in the Early Modern Age. Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen 2008, p. 61.
  7. ^ A b Friedrich von Bezold :  Former, Christoph . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 5, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1877, p. 693 f.
  8. ↑ Renate Neumüllers-Klauser: The inscriptions of the city and the district of Heidelberg. A. Druckermüller, Stuttgart 1970, p. 266.
personal data
SURNAME Husband, Christoph von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Husband, Christoph; Husband, Christoph; Husband, Christophorus; Eheim, Christoph von; Ohm, Christoph von; Eheim, Christoph; Uncle, Christoph von
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German lawyer, university professor and Chancellor of the Electoral Palatinate
DATE OF BIRTH March 24, 1528
PLACE OF BIRTH augsburg
DATE OF DEATH June 1, 1592
Place of death Heidelberg