Cimitero Monumentale (Milan)

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The entrance building
Inside the dome of the hall of honor
Manzoni's tomb in the domed hall
Delimited Jewish cemetery section
View from the hall of honor to the main cemetery
19th century photo
The tomb of Arturo Toscanini
The tomb of L'Aratura

The Cimitero Monumentale of Milan is a central cemetery opened in 1866 with numerous artistically interesting or otherwise famous graves.

The main entrance is on the Piazzale del Cimitero Monumentale. Carlo Maciachini (1818–1899) acted as the architect . The Famedio (Temple of Glory) serves as the burial place for some of the most famous Italians. Of artistic and general interest, however, are also numerous other tombs in which the Milanese upper middle class tried to outdo each other in pomp and pomp. The graves of the Falck, Natoli, Bocconi families (founders of the La Rinascente department store group), Bernocchi and Campari, and Treccani degli Alfieri should be mentioned.

history

Milan owned five cemeteries around 1750: Santi Carlo e San Aquilino (also San Rocco) fuori Porta Romana , San Gregorio fuori Porta Orientale , San Rocco al Gentilino fuori Porta Ticinese , Santi Giovanni Battista e Carlo fuori Porta Vercellina and San Giuseppe alla Mojazza fuori Porta Comasina . Most were built on so-called fopponi , places in which corpses were anonymously buried close to their previous homes because relatives did not have the opportunity to bury them in churches. Although there was a decree by Joseph II in 1788 to forbid this action, a change of heart only came with the success of Ugo Foscolo's Sepolcri in 1807. In this Carmen Foscolo lamented the loss of Giuseppe Parini's (1729–1799) tomb .

With the Notificazione governativa of October 20, 1838, which u. a. Required cemeteries for the congregations to be open and at least 200 meters away from residential houses and parish churches, the municipality of Milan put out a competition to build a new cemetery. And there was another problem, according to the Codice dei delitti e delle gravi trasgressioni politiche of October 1, 1815, suicides had to be buried in the immediate vicinity of a cemetery, but this was not possible in Milan due to a lack of space. It should summarize the already existing cemeteries - in 1825 another fuori Porta Tosa was added. However, construction did not begin until 1860, after Milan also belonged to the Kingdom of Italy, although the choice of location was made over a year earlier. In the same year, however, there was such a big protest against the building designed by Giulio Aluisetti in the classical style that a new competition had to be held, which Carlo Maciachini won. Its design corresponded to a medieval- Pisan style.

construction

His design was chosen because it served both representative and practical purposes. Through a clever division of the building you cross a kind of courtyard to reach the cemetery portal. The open design of the entrance building, the center of which is the famedio (the hall of honor), allows the actual burial ground to be entered quickly. The area claimed at that time was around 180,000 m². The symmetry plan of the cemetery is reflected in its longitudinal axis , which runs from the Famedio in a north-westerly direction to the Tempio Crematorio. The Ossario centrale and the Necropoli are the only buildings on the axis. Overall, the floor plan looks very geometric. The entrance building also visually delimits the cemetery section for members of the Jewish faith and for non-believers to the east and west. Both parts have a separate entrance. Most of the Jewish graves have now been left to decay. The architectural style of the cemetery can be described as eclectic ; this choice of style made it possible to design the tombs individually. Characteristic of the cemetery is its two-tone color, which results from the use of white stone and red bricks.

Entrance building

The entrance building consists of the famedio and the two gallery arms that extend from it. Both the superior and inferior galleries are located in both arms . The Famedio was initially planned as a church, but was converted into a pantheon due to a changed model.

Tempio Crematorio

The Tempio Crematorio was a specialty. Donated by the silk merchant and producer Alberto Keller (1800–1874) on the occasion of the funeral of his wife, it was the first crematorium in Italy. Its construction and commissioning took place when it was still against the idea of ​​the resurrection of the dead to cremate a corpse . Maciachini himself was buried on the Monumentale.

Panoramic view of the cemetery from the entrance building

Selection of well-known graves

For many visitors, the main attraction of the cemetery is Alessandro Manzoni's coffin in the hall of honor. It was moved here in 1883, ten years after Manzoni's death.

For the tomb of the family Campari - edicola Davide Campari - has Giannino Castiglioni 1939 the Last Supper da Vinci created by Leonardo as a bronze sculpture.

On July 13, 1947, a Monumento al Sacrificio Ebraico was inaugurated on the Jewish part of the cemetery in the presence of the Mayor of Milan, representatives of all Jewish communities in Italy, Umberto Terracinis and Amintore Fanfanis . It was created on the initiative of Raffaele Cantoni , President of the Unione delle Comunità Israelitiche Italiane . It was designed by the architect Manfredo D'Urbino . Twelve members of the community who had been murdered at various locations and ashes from the Dachau concentration camp were buried in it.

On the Monumentale there are works by Paolo Troubetzkoy , Leonardo Bistolfi , Giacomo Manzù , Agenore Fabbri , Lucio Fontana , the brothers Giò and Arnaldo Pomodoro and Maciachini himself.

The following were buried on the Cimitero monumentale:

literature

  • Sandra Berresford: Italian Memorial Sculpture 1820–1940. A Legacy of Lov. Introductory Essays by James Stevens Curl, Fred S. Licht. Additional Articles by Francesca Bregoli, Franco Sborgi. Photographs by Robert W. Fichter, Robert Freidus. Frances Lincoln, London 2004, ISBN 0-7112-2384-X .

Web links

Commons : Cimitero Monumentale (Milan)  - Collection of images

Individual evidence

  1. Paola Zocchi: Il comune e la salute. Amministrazione municipale e igiene pubblica a Milano, 1818-1859 (= Storia. Studi e Ricerche. Collana. 357). F. Angeli, Milan 2006, ISBN 88-464-7154-7 , p. 177.
  2. ^ A b Giuseppe de Finetti: Milano. Costruzione di una città. U. Hoepli, Milan 2002, ISBN 88-203-3092-X , p. 105.
  3. Paola Zocchi: Il comune e la salute. Amministrazione municipale e igiene pubblica a Milano, 1818-1859 (= Storia. Studi e Ricerche. Collana. 357). F. Angeli, Milan 2006, ISBN 88-464-7154-7 , p. 178.
  4. Website of the Cimitero Monumentale ( Memento of the original from November 9th, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.monumentale.net
  5. a b Website of the Cimitero Monumentale ( Memento of the original from November 9th, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.monumentale.net
  6. Website of the Cimitero Monumentale ( Memento of the original from November 9th, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.monumentale.net
  7. Guri Schwarz: L'elaborazione del lutto. La classe dirigente ebraica italiana e la memoria dello sterminio (1944–1948). In: Michele Sarfatti (ed.): Il ritorno alla vita. Vicende e diritti degli ebrei in Italia dopo la seconda guerra mondiale. Giuntina, Florenz 1998, ISBN 88-8057-076-5 , p. 167-180, here p. 174 f.
  8. ^ Touring Club Italiano (ed.): Milano (= Guida d'Italia. ). 10th edition. TCI, Milan 1998, ISBN 88-365-1249-6 , pp. 255-257.
  9. carlo mozart - Foto di Monumental Cemetery, Milan - TripAdvisor. Retrieved March 21, 2017 .
  10. carlo mozart - Foto di Monumental Cemetery, Milan - TripAdvisor. Retrieved March 21, 2017 .

Coordinates: 45 ° 29 ′ 9 ″  N , 9 ° 10 ′ 44.6 ″  E