Forest mountain mint

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Forest mountain mint
Forest mountain mint (Clinopodium menthifolium)

Forest mountain mint ( Clinopodium menthifolium )

Systematics
Order : Mint family (Lamiales)
Family : Mint family (Lamiaceae)
Subfamily : Nepetoideae
Tribe : Mentheae
Genre : Mountain Mints ( Clinopodium )
Type : Forest mountain mint
Scientific name
Clinopodium menthifolium
( Host ) Stace

The forest-mountain mint ( Clinopodium menthifolium ), even precious mountain mint or Ascending Calamint called, is a plant of the genus calamintha ( Clinopodium ) into the family of Lamiaceae (Lamiaceae). It is distributed from Europe over the Caucasus and Asia Minor to North Africa.

description

Illustration from English Botany or Colored figures of British plants , 1863
Sham whisk with zygomorphic flowers

In addition to the usual hermaphroditic flowers, much smaller female flowers appear on a plant specimen. The dried up stems often stay there over winter and can even be recognized in this state by the typical calyx shape.

Vegetative characteristics

The forest mountain mint grows as a perennial herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 40 to 80 centimeters. The moderately to very hairy stems are not very branched. The parts of the plant have an aromatic smell.

The constantly against arranged on the stem leaves are divided into long petiole and leaf blade. The leaf blade is ovate and the leaf margin is serrate .

Generative characteristics

Usually three to seven (one to nine) flowers stand together in pseudo whorls , several of which are arranged one above the other. The stem of the middle flowers is 0.7 to 2 millimeters long.

The hermaphroditic flowers are zygomorphic with a length of 10 to 22 millimeters and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The sepals are 7 to 9 (up to 10) millimeters long and the lower calyx teeth are significantly longer than the upper ones. The petals are vivid purple.

Chromosome set

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 24.

Occurrence

The wide distribution area of Clinopodium menthifolium extends from the southern United Kingdom to France (including Corsica ), Switzerland , Italy (including Sicily ), Austria , Hungary , Serbia , Romania , Albania , Bulgaria , Greece , Azerbaijan , Georgia , Ciskaucasien, Dagestan , Ukraine , Turkey , to northern Iran , Lebanon and northern Algeria . The forest mountain mint is common in Central and Southern Europe. You can find them in the south mainly in the mountains and more in humid locations, in Central Europe especially in warm locations with a subatlantic climate. The northern limit of distribution extends from southern England via Belgium to the Siebengebirge , along the Middle Rhine to the Rhine-Main area, up the Main to northern Bavaria. Very rarely in Thuringia in the Werra valley near Eisenach and Jena. The edge of the area extends from Würzburg via the Tauber, Jagst and Kocher valleys through Baden-Württemberg to the Swabian Alb and Lake Constance, and from there to Austria, the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the Carpathian Mountains .

The forest mountain mint colonizes rubble, rocks, walls, roadsides and bushes borders. It rather thrives on dry, basic, calcareous stone or rock soils in warm, sunny locations. It is a pioneer plant , especially in wine-growing areas . In Central Europe it is a character species of the Quercion pubescenti-petraeae association, but also occurs in plant communities of the Geranion sanguinei association or in light Fagetalia communities.

Systematics

It was first described in 1831 under the name ( Basionym ) Calamintha menthifolia by Nicolaus Thomas Host in Flora Austriaca. Viennae , 2, page 129. The specific epithet menthifolia means “mint-leaved”. It was founded in 1989 under the name Clinopodium menthifolium by Clive Anthony Stace in New combinations in the British and Irish flora. in Short Notes in Watsonia , Volume 17, Issue 4, page 443 in the genus Clinopodium . Further synonyms for Clinopodium menthifolium (Host) Stace are: Calamintha officinalis auct., Satureja calamintha auct., Satureja menthifolia (Host) Fritsch , Calamintha montana subsp. menthifolia (host) Dostál , Calamintha officinalis var. menthifolia (host) Rchb. f. , Calamintha officinalis f. menthifolia (host) Hayek .

Zygomorphic flowers of Clinopodium menthifolium subsp. ascending

Subspecies of Clinopodium menthifolium are:

  • Clinopodium menthifolium (host) Stace subsp. menthifolium (Syn .: Calamintha sylvatica Bromf. , Satureja sylvatica (Bromf.) K.Malý , Calamintha menthifolia subsp. sylvatica . (Bromf) Menitsky , Calamintha nepeta subsp. sylvatica (Bromf.) R.Morales , Satureja calamintha subsp. montana Cout . , Calamintha menthifolia var. Sylvatica (Bromf.) Menitsky , Calamintha officinalis var. Sylvatica (Bromf.) Nyman , Satureja sylvatica var. Boveana K.Malý , Calamintha officinalis f. Boveana (K. Malý) Hayek , Calamintha f. Sylvatica (K. Malý) Šilic ): It occurs in the Mediterranean area.
  • Clinopodium menthifolium subsp. ascendens (Jord.) Govaerts (Syn .: Calamintha ascendens Jord. , Clinopodium ascendens (Jord.) Samp. , Satureja ascendens (Jord.) K.Malý , Calamintha officinalis subsp. ascendens (Jord.) Mateo , Calamintha sylvatica subsp. ascendens (Jord.) PWBall , Satureja calamintha subsp. ascendens (Jord.) Briq. , Satureja sylvatica subsp. ascendens (Jord.) RLTaylor & MacBryde , Satureja calamintha var. ascendens (Jord.) Briq. , Calamintha fenzlii Vis. , Calamintha intermedia (Baumg.) Heinr.Braun , Melissa intermedia Baumg. , Satureja fenzlii (Vis.) K.Malý , Satureja intermedia (Baumg.) Heinr.Braun ): It occurs from Europe to Turkey and Macaronesia .
  • Clinopodium menthifolium subsp. hirtum (Briq.) Govaerts (Syn .: Satureja calamintha var. hirta Briq. , Calamintha hirta (Briq) Hayek. , Satureja sancta Greuter & Burdet , Satureja calamintha var hirta. Briq. ): It occurs in Greece.

literature

  • Siegmund Seybold : The flora of Germany and the neighboring countries. A book for identifying all wild and frequently cultivated vascular plants . Founded by Otto Schmeil , Jost Fitschen . 95th completely revised and expanded edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01498-2 .
  • Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany . Published by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (=  The fern and flowering plants of Germany . Volume 2 ). 2nd corrected and enlarged edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2007, ISBN 978-3-8001-4990-2 .
  • Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi, Arno Wörz (eds.): The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg . tape 5 : Special part (Spermatophyta, subclass Asteridae): Buddlejaceae to Caprifoliaceae . Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1996, ISBN 3-8001-3342-3 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Clinopodium menthifolium in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
  2. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  811 .
  3. ^ Clive Anthony Stace: New combinations in the British and Irish flora. scanned into Short Notes in Watsonia , Volume 17, Issue 4, p. 443 - PDF.
  4. ↑ Clinopodium menthifolium at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed December 30, 2018.
  5. ↑ a b Adapted from World Checklist of Selected Plant Families , 2010, copyright © The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: Entry at Euro + Med .
  6. ↑ a b c d Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Clinopodium menthifolium. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Accessed December 30, 2018.

Web links

Commons : Forest Mountain Mint ( Calamintha menthifolia )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files